List of articles (by subject) Sport Physiology
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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of MIIT training on visfatin and insulin resistance index in obese girls
Anahita Nafisi Bentolhoda Nasrabadi Mohammadreza MohseniBackground: Visfatin is a new adipocyte which is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue and has similar effects with insulin in the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate intensity interval training on visfatin and insulin resi MoreBackground: Visfatin is a new adipocyte which is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue and has similar effects with insulin in the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate intensity interval training on visfatin and insulin resistance index in obese girls. Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 18 obese girls aged 12 -14 years were selected voluntarily and divided into two groups: training and control randomly. The training program included 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week, each week for 30 minutes running at 70% of the target heart rate in the first week to the fourth week and 75% in the fifth to the eight weeks. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and 48 hours after the training program and the research variables were measured using specific methods. Analysis of covariance ANCOVA was used. The significance level was considered as p <0.05. Results:.The results of the current paper showed that the visfatin , Insulin resistance index, insulin and maximal oxygen consumption (vo2max) were increased in experimental group, which was significant only for the values of vo2max (P = 0.001). Body weight, body fat percentage, body mass index or BMI and glucose variables decreased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Today obesity is become a worldwide health issue and in this research paper we could show that longer training sessions with adequate intensity and volume have beneficial effects and they are suggested to make optimal changes in visfatin levels and reduce insulin resistance in obese girl. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - High Intensity Interval Training on Adiponectin And ALT, AST, ALP Enzymes In obese And Overweight Boys
Elhamalsadat Zeinali Saeed Ganjizadeh Tari Masoumeh HehalizadehBackground: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on adiponectin and AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in obese and overweight boys. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 22 boys aged 12-14 years old, who were MoreBackground: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on adiponectin and AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in obese and overweight boys. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 22 boys aged 12-14 years old, who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental group: mean weight 80.08 ± 16.08, Vo2max was 36.56 ± 2.49, and BMI was 30.27 ± 5.9 and control group: mean weight 67.91 ± 7.95, and Vo2max was 44.4 ± 2.75, 38 and BMI of 60.26 ± 6.3. The experimental group performed eight weeks of HIIT training with 80% HRR intensity at 10 turns of 60 seconds, with 60 seconds rest on exercise bikes for 3 days a week. Blood samples were taken 24 and 48 hours before and after the training, ANCOVA was used for data analysis using SPSS 21 software at a significant level (p <0.05). Results: The results showed that HIIT reduced the levels of Adiponectin and AST and ALP enzymes, but this was not significant (P≥0.05). This exercise also reduced ALT and fat percentage and increased Vo2max in subjects, with changes in all three variables significant (P≤0 / 05). Conclusion: It seems HIIT can reduce the percentage of fat and ALT enzyme in children, which can help prevent many metabolic diseases. Also, HIIT can play a role in liver health in overweight and obese children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Concurrent Exercise Training on Appetite Suppressant Hormones in Overweight Women
Maryam Takhty Asal Ziloubaf Samira Feridoni Sadra Sheidaei Mostafa RahimiBackground: Concurrent exercises are one of the most practical exercises for the development of physical fitness factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Concurrent training with calorie Aerobic on suppressing hormones of appetite (lept MoreBackground: Concurrent exercises are one of the most practical exercises for the development of physical fitness factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Concurrent training with calorie Aerobic on suppressing hormones of appetite (leptin, YY peptide and insulin) in overweight women. Materials and Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental research with pre-test-posttest design. In this Study, 30 overweight women (with a BMI> 25), eligible subjects were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups of 15, including the concurrent exercise group and aerobic exercise group. The training protocol in this study was performed for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week, the duration of each session was 90 minutes and one day in between. Data were evaluated using the statistical method of analysis of covariance at a significant level (P <0.05). Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test variables of fat percentage, leptin hormone, insulin hormone, maximum oxygen consumption, BMI, muscle endurance in concurrent exercise group with calorie Aerobic and aerobic exercise group (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that doing concurrent exercises with calorie Aerobic in overweight women reduces weight and improves appetite-related hormones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The role of exercise genomics in preventive medicine
Mirzahossein Norouzi Kamareh Fatemeh RostamkhaniDear Editor Regular exercise and physical activity are effective preventative measures for over 25 chronic medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease and premature death. According to the World Health Organization, physical inactivity is the fourth leading ri MoreDear Editor Regular exercise and physical activity are effective preventative measures for over 25 chronic medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease and premature death. According to the World Health Organization, physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for death, killing about 3.2 million people annually (1). It is accepted that an individual's behavior is due to three factors: biological/genetic influences, environmental influences, and/or the interaction between biological and environmental factors. There are biological/genetic differences in sexual activity that are distinct from environmental influences on activity (2). Today, the development of genetic evaluation methods throughout the human genome has made it possible for sports scientists and physicians to study genetic factors that play a role in regular physical activity and exercise in preventing chronic diseases. Studies have shown that there is an interaction of the gene × physical activity in reducing the risk factors for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. In the following, we will review several studies in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The relationship between physical mechanics and upper limb injuries in professional badminton players
Karim Refahi Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati Fahimeh PourahmadBackground: Badminton booklet is a high-risk sport in the field of upper limb injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical mechanics and upper limb injuries in professional badminton players. Materials and Methods: 20 prof MoreBackground: Badminton booklet is a high-risk sport in the field of upper limb injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical mechanics and upper limb injuries in professional badminton players. Materials and Methods: 20 professional open badminton players from the national badminton league with a history of shoulder injuries with age (28.41 1 1.12 years), weight (71.23 7 7.22 kg), height (36 5 5.88) / 175 m), playing history (4.6 ± 1.5 years), as well as 20 healthy open badminton players with age (27.63 2 2.3 years), weight (68.88 6 6.20 kg), height ( 20.4 ± 177 meters), games (2.3 / 2.5 years), participated in this study. The subjects' shoulder kinematic indices were evaluated. Data were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. Results: According to the results of the study, the relationship between physical mechanics and shoulder injuries was observed in both healthy and injured groups (P = 0.003) Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the anatomical factors of cinema are exposed to injury and athletes are considered to be related to anomalies and minor injuries, and because kinematic indicators are among the factors that have been damaged in predicting injury. , Can be considered. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the anatomical factors of cinema are exposed to injury and athletes are considered to be related to anomalies and minor injuries, and because kinematic indicators are among the factors that have been damaged in predicting injury Can be considered. by badminton coaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Comparing the effect of antioxidant and coenzyme 10Q supplementation on some indicators of muscle injury in water polo boys
Peyman Azarmidakhtian Alireza Eizadi Mohammad SamadiBackground: Reactive oxygen species are produced in response to strenuous, prolonged exercise, such as swimming, which results in cell damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of antioxidant and coenzyme 10Q supplementation on some indicators of muscle in MoreBackground: Reactive oxygen species are produced in response to strenuous, prolonged exercise, such as swimming, which results in cell damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of antioxidant and coenzyme 10Q supplementation on some indicators of muscle injury in water polo boys. Materials and Methods: The 24 boy water polo players with at least 5 years of training experience and in the age range of 17 to 23 years were randomly divided into three groups )8 people (of vitamin C, coenzyme Q10 and control. Subjects in the vitamin C group (500 mg of vitamin C tablets) and subjects in the coenzyme Q10 group (300 mg of coenzyme Q10 tablets) were consumed daily with food for two weeks. Trainings were performed for two weeks, 6 sessions per week and 90 minutes per session. Evaluation of CK, LDH and AST indices in the state of at least twelve hours of fasting was performed in three stages: previous, immediately and 24 hours after the completion of the protocol. One-factor analysis of variance test with repeated measures was used. Results: The results showed that CPK decreased significantly after fourteen days of supplementation in coenzyme Q10 group and increased significantly 24 hours after the last training session and in vitamin C group after fourteen days of supplementation and 24 hours after the last training session increased significantly. There was no significant difference in LDH and AST levels between the groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: It seems taking coenzyme Q10 supplements may possibly reduce some indicators of muscle damage after water polo training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Moderate aerobic exercise and probiotic intake on FOXA1 gene expression in non-alcoholic fatty liver animal model: An Experimental Study
Shahin Riyahi Malayeri Hamzeh MohamMadi Firooz Abad Omid Soleimani Ghaleh Soheila AzarkhoshBackground: Fatty liver disease is also known as fatty liver syndrome and is also called hepatic steatosis the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and probiotic intake on FOXA1 gene expression in rats with fatty liver. Metho MoreBackground: Fatty liver disease is also known as fatty liver syndrome and is also called hepatic steatosis the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and probiotic intake on FOXA1 gene expression in rats with fatty liver. Methods: This study is an experimental laboratory study. Thirty-two male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 in the healthy, steatosis, steatosis + probiotic, steatosis + probiotic +aerobic exercise groups and tested for 8 weeks. The exercise protocol was as follows: in the first week from 10 minutes of running at a speed of 18 meters per minute to the eighth week with 60 minutes of running at a speed of 28 meters per minute. Consumption of probiotics; Relevant groups received 109 CFU / ml of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by gavage daily for 5 weeks and 5 days a week. RT-pcr method was used to evaluate the expression of FOXA1gene. ANOVA were used for data analysis using SPSS 23 software at a significant level (p <0.05). Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic exercise with probiotic intake had a significant decrease on the expression of FOXA1 gene and LDL in rats with fatty liver (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, It seems that aerobic exercise with probiotics intake can improve the liver function of non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Circulating concentrations of the BATokine 12,13-dihydroxy- 9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) in different types of exercise training
Mehdi Zargani Ehsan Arabzadeh Fariba Aghaei Yosef EbrahimpourAccording to the investigation, Lipokines are a kind of bioactive compounds, derived from adipose tissue deposition, which manages multiple molecular signaling pathways. In recent years, 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecanoic acid (12,13-diHOME), an Oxylipin, has become increa MoreAccording to the investigation, Lipokines are a kind of bioactive compounds, derived from adipose tissue deposition, which manages multiple molecular signaling pathways. In recent years, 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecanoic acid (12,13-diHOME), an Oxylipin, has become increasingly important in the scientific literature. An increase of 12,13-diHOME in circulation was associated with an improvement in metabolic health, and the action of this molecule seems to be mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT)(1). In fact, Oxylipins are oxidized metabolites of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs may be received immediately from the weight loss program or from the metabolism of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid(2). Research indicates that Oxylipins are present in every tissue, urine and blood(3). Linoleic acid may be metabolized through cytochrome P450 (CYP) in order to produce 12,13-diHOME(4). Circulating concentrations of BATokine 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic (12,13-diHOME) in rodents and humans have been shown to be elevated following exposure to cold and exercise. In other words, in mice, administration of 12,13-diHOME increased fatty acid absorption by brown/beige adipocytes and skeletal muscle after a session of moderate-intensity training, and in rodents using the same training protocol. Furthermore, investigation suggests that circulating 12,13-diHOME is associated with an increase in mitochondrial respiration capacity in the skeletal muscle. This information improves the opportunity that will increase in circulating 12,13-diHOME with exercising capabilities to assist expand the respiratory capacity of a training skeletal muscle and might increase exercise potential(5,6). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The effect of 12 weeks aerobic training on TNF-α levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and depression in rats with Alzheimer's disease
Ehsan Mohammadikia Fereshteh Mohebbi Hossein BabaeiBackground: Exercise training plays an important role in combating Alzheimer's disease. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training on the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and also dep MoreBackground: Exercise training plays an important role in combating Alzheimer's disease. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training on the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and also depression in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: The 40 Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups including saline (S), saline +training (ST), training +STZ (AT) and STZ (A). Alzheimer's was induced by injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) into the ventricles of brain. The aerobic training program (each session lasted 30 minutes with 10-12 meters per minute speed) performed for 12 weeks and five sessions per week on a treadmill. The 48 hours after last training session, brain tissue (hippocampal and prefrontal cortex areas) was removed and TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA method. Data were evaluated using the statistical method of analysis of variance at a significant level (P <0.05). Result: TNF-α levels in the hippocampus were significantly higher in group A compared to S (p= 0.010), ST (p= 0.014) and AT (p= 0.041) groups. Moreover, no significant change was observed for TNF-α levels in prefrontal cortex in different groups (p= 0.276). In addition, a significant increase in inactivity duration (FST) was observed in group A compared to other groups (p <0.05) and also a significant decrease in sucrose preference (SPT) was observed in group A compared to other groups. (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study findings indicated that, the positive effects of aerobic training in rats with Alzheimer's disease are exerted partly by modulating the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α in the brain especially the hippocampus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of two methods of aerobic and combined training on biomechanics of blood in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary grafting
Gholamreza Rostami Heydar Sadeghi Yahya SokhangueiBackground: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world and its prevalence increases with age. For the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation after heart disease, performing exercise training causes functional and structural adaptations in p MoreBackground: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world and its prevalence increases with age. For the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation after heart disease, performing exercise training causes functional and structural adaptations in patient’s cardiovascular system and consequently reduces mortality from related diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of aerobic and combined exercise training biomechanics of blood in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pre-posttest design, 68 middle-aged men (mean age 56.19± 1.26 years) were studied after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Subjects were randomly and availably divided into 3 groups: aerobic (n =20) and combined (aerobic + resistance) (n =20) exercise training, and control groups (n =28). Subjects in the intervention groups performed 8 weeks of training/3 sessions per week. Each training session in aerobic and combined groups was considered for 40 minutes with the intensity of 70-85% heart rate reserved, and 60 minutes with the intensity of 40-80% one repetition maximum for each patient, respectively. In order to analyze the data, Leven, MANOVA and Bonferroni statistical tests were used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: The results of one-way MANOVA test showed that the levels of functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption were increased significantly after aerobic and combined exercise training compared to control group (p <0.05). However, Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant differences between functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption post-test levels in aerobic and combined exercise training groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: the findings of this study show that both aerobic and combined exercise training can improve the heart functional variables in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery, and this improvement levels appears to be independent of the types of training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Plasma Nesfatin Responses Following a Single Session of Interval Exercise in Young Men: Effects of Glucose, Sucrose and Fructose Intake
Mandana GholamiBackground: Nesfatin is a key regulator of glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of glucose, sucrose and fructose intake following acute high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on plasma levels of nesfatin, insulin and glucose in young mal MoreBackground: Nesfatin is a key regulator of glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of glucose, sucrose and fructose intake following acute high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on plasma levels of nesfatin, insulin and glucose in young males. Materials and Methods: 32 sedentary young males (21.9±2.3 yrs, 77.5±8.9 kg) were assigned into four groups (n= eight per group): glucose, sucrose, fructose and control or water groups. Subjects completed 4×4 min interval running with 90-95% maximal heart rate (HRmax) and 3 min active recovery with 65-70% HRmax between each interval. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after exercise session. Immediately after the second blood sampling, carbohydrate liquids (1.5 g/kg glucose, fructose, sucrose and water) were consumed by the subjects in different groups. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA test and SPSS-24 software. Results: Results indicated that there was no significant difference between groups for Nesfatin (p=0.519) and glucose (p=0.062) levels; but, there was a significant difference between groups for insulin levels (p<0.001). Bonferroni multiple comparison corrections as a post hoc test showed a significant difference between water and glucose, water and sucrose, glucose and fructose, and sucrose and fructose groups in 30 and 60 minutes after HIIE (P<0.05). Conclusion: with respect to the present study results, acute carbohydrate supplements (glucose, sucrose and fructose) don’t affect nesfatin response following exercise. Therefore, it seems that nesfatin doesn’t affect acute exercise-induced metabolic status response to different carbohydrate supplements in healthy subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The effect of one bout high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on serum levels of decorin and IGF-I in active young men
Mina Mina Daliran Lida Moradi Mohammad Ali AzarbayjaniBackground: Some researchers attributed the positive effects of exercise training on secretion of different myokines from skeletal muscles. Acute exercise lead to changes in gene expression and phosphorylation that stimulates muscular adaptation. However, one bout exerc MoreBackground: Some researchers attributed the positive effects of exercise training on secretion of different myokines from skeletal muscles. Acute exercise lead to changes in gene expression and phosphorylation that stimulates muscular adaptation. However, one bout exercise isn’t adequate to change muscle phenotype and phenotypic adaptation to training consists of aggregation stimulation of one bout exercise sessions Decorin is new discovered myokine that its changes in response to exercise such as high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is unknown. It seems that Decorin has effects on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, the aim of present study was investigated the effect of one bout high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on serum levels of decorin and IGF-I in active young male. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 10 active young males with mean age of 25.4±2.36 voluntary participated in this study. The subjects took part in HIIE protocol in 10 am and after 3 hours. HIIE protocol consisted of four minutes' intervals with 90-95 percent of maximum heart rate that between each interval, 3-minute active recovery with 60-70 percent of maximum heart rate performed. The subjects heart rate during HIIE protocol was monitored by polar belt. Blood samples were collected immediately after exercise, subsequently IGF-I and decorin levels were measured by ELISA method. In order to data analyzed, SPSS software version 24 and paired t test were used and significantly level was considered p<0.05. Results: The results indicated that decorin and IGF-I increased significantly after exercise (p≤0/05). Conclusion: It seems that some HIIT-induced adaptations partly are related to increase in decorin levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluating the performance of non-reactive and reactive agility tests in elite and average soccer players under the age of 14
Mohammad Tajik Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Maghsoud PeeriBackground: Agility is one of the most critical factors in the sport performance of soccer players. Although various tests have been designed to measure agility, there is no agility test, based on soccer-specific movement patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to develop MoreBackground: Agility is one of the most critical factors in the sport performance of soccer players. Although various tests have been designed to measure agility, there is no agility test, based on soccer-specific movement patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and examine of a soccer Specific Reactive Agility Test (SSRAGT)for Players U14 Years. Materials and Methods: 48 soccer players under the age of 14 years divided in two groups composed of 24 players. The group A were elite soccer players and active at the level of Asia vision, while group B were soccer players were active at the level of neighborhood and local competitions One hundred and seventy competitive soccer players under 14 years volunteered to participation in this study as subjects. The standard 505 Agility Test (505AT), Zig-zag Curl (ZZC) ، Zig-zag straight (ZZS) the test was performed for all participants on two separate days within a two-day interval at the same time and place. The SSRAGT was performed after two days. Results: In order to evaluate the intensity of agility test the number of steps and heartbeat after activity was applied. The 505-agility test with a heartbeat of 159.4±11.245b was lower than other tests. The number of steps in the 505-agility test indicated lower intensity and fewer steps 26.30±4.794b. The heartbeat and number of steps in the other test had a significant correlation with each other. The results of logistic regression between 48 player SSRAGT test can significantly predict the level of performance of young football players (OR = 1.437, P <0.01). As the ZZC test was able to significantly predict the performance level of the subjects in this study (OR = 1.05, P <0.01). Conclusion: Based on the result the reactive agility test for the soccer player in comparison with non-reactive agility test had the potential to distinguish between average and elite soccer players and due to its reactive nature, it is similar to movement patter in soccer, so it can be used as an efficient field tool to evaluate players’ agility levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Two methods of aerobic and combined training on biomechanics of Vessels in patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary grafting
Gholamreza Rostami Haider Sadeghi Yahya SokhangueiBackground: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world and its prevalence increases with age. For the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation after heart disease, performing exercise training causes functional and structural adaptations in p MoreBackground: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world and its prevalence increases with age. For the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation after heart disease, performing exercise training causes functional and structural adaptations in patient’s cardiovascular system and consequently reduces mortality from related diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of aerobic and combined exercise training biomechanics of blood in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pre-post test design, 68 middle-aged men (mean age 56.19± 1.26 years) were studied after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Subjects were randomly and availably divided into 3 groups: aerobic (n =20) and combined (aerobic + resistance) (n =20) exercise training, and control groups (n =28). Subjects in the intervention groups performed 8 weeks of training/3 sessions per week. Each training session in aerobic and combined groups was considered for 40 minutes with the intensity of 70-85% heart rate reserved, and 60 minutes with the intensity of 40-80% one repetition maximum for each patient, respectively. In order to analyze the data, Leven, MANOVA and Bonferroni statistical tests were used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: The results of one-way MANOVA test showed that the levels of functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption were increased significantly after aerobic and combined exercise training compared to control group (p <0.05). However, Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant differences between functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption post-test levels in aerobic and combined exercise training groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: the findings of this study show that both aerobic and combined exercise training can improve the heart functional variables in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery, and this improvement levels appears to be independent of the types of training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The effect of L-arginine supplementation along with 6 weeks of Aquatic training on changes in blood pressure and fasting blood sugar in older peoples with Hypertension
Yaser Kazemzadeh Pegah Hooshangi Yasamin SoltaniBackground and purpose: The factors that control blood pressure, the most important of which are inactivity and improper nutrition. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of arginine supplementation on blood pressure and glucose metabol MoreBackground and purpose: The factors that control blood pressure, the most important of which are inactivity and improper nutrition. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of arginine supplementation on blood pressure and glucose metabolism in elderly people with mild Hypertension. Materials and methods: 43 elderly men and women in the age range of 55 to 70 years with mild hypertension were selected as participants and were randomly divided into 4 groups, including the aquatic training group (AT), L-arginine supplementation (ARG), aquatic training + L-arginine supplementation (AT+ARG) and control (CON). AT group did sports training in water for 6 weeks. ARG group received 100 mg of L-arginine per body weight and AT+ ARG group received L-arginine supplement during 6 weeks of water sports training. The control group also received only placebo. The values measured in the present study included aerobic power, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose. The findings were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of ≥0.05. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the diastolic blood pressure of the subjects did not differ significantly (P=0.239), but the difference between the systolic blood pressure of the group was significant (P=0.031). Also, the change of fasting blood glucose of the samples in the 4 groups shows a significant difference (P=0.011). L-arginine consumption group and sports training + L-arginine consumption group showed a significant difference with the control group (P=0.0001 and P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that consuming L-arginine for 6 weeks in the elderly with hypertension can lead to improvement of their systolic blood pressure and fasting blood sugar, but adding training cannot double its effect. slow All sports training have proven effects in modulating blood pressure and lowering blood sugar in people who have used it for some time, but it seems that observing the double effect of activities on these indicators requires long training programs, which future studies show. It will clarify more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Aerobic Training and Octopamine Supplement on Gene Expression Levels of VEGF and PDGFR in the Heart Tissue of Rats Exposed to Deep Fried Oil
Faegheh Jafari Amoli Seyed Ali Hosseini Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Parvin Farzanegi ArkhazlooBackground: Deep-fried oils (DFO) produce toxins that endanger people's health. Using herbal supplements along with exercise training can help improve health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training (T) and octopamine (O) supplementat MoreBackground: Deep-fried oils (DFO) produce toxins that endanger people's health. Using herbal supplements along with exercise training can help improve health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training (T) and octopamine (O) supplementation on VEGF and PDGFR gene expression levels in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with DFO. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male Wistar rats were purchased and placed in 5 groups of 5 animals, including: 1) control, 2) DFO, 3) DFO+T, 4) DFO+O and 5) DFO+T+O. Over a course of 4 weeks, rats in groups 2 to 5 received DFO by gavage, and rats in groups 3 and 5 ran on the treadmill 5 times a week with moderate intensity; also, rats in groups 4 and 5 received 81 μmol/kg octopamine supplement intraperitoneally 5 days a week. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test, independent samples t-test and two-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the research findings (p<0.05). Results: DFO had a significant effect on increasing the gene expression levels of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.002); training had a significant effect on the reduction of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.012); also, octopamine consumption had a significant effect on the reduction of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.045). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training and octopamine consumption alone have anti-inflammatory effects in the heart tissue of DFO-poisoned rats, however they do not have significant anti-inflammatory interactive effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Muscular Adaptations in Exercise: A Narrative Review
Daniel TarmastNowadays, sports science uses scientific methods and medical devices to assist people with any improvements in sports. Muscle adaptations have significantly benefited as a result of the use of these advanced devices. It has been shown that neuromuscular electrical stimu MoreNowadays, sports science uses scientific methods and medical devices to assist people with any improvements in sports. Muscle adaptations have significantly benefited as a result of the use of these advanced devices. It has been shown that neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) devices effectively improve muscle function. The use of NMES devices in exercise physiology shows that neuromuscular adaptation is a current research area in both athletes and non-athletes. This narrative review aims to address neuromuscular adaptations and describe neuromuscular changes based on research using NMES. Many researchers and sports trainers will benefit from the results of this article by better understanding neuromuscular adaptations. NMES training has been shown to be an effective way to improve muscle growth, maximum voluntary strength, neuronal drive, oxidative metabolism, and antioxidant defense systems. In addition, NMES is capable of regulating the homeostasis of muscle proteins and increasing oxidative enzyme activity. In animal models, it has also been shown to increase axonal outgrowth, fiber reinnervation, and motor axon regeneration. Various NMES methods may decrease age-related muscle atrophy and functional deterioration. The use of NMES, which is one of the most successful strategies for increasing athletic performance through neuromuscular adaptations, is one of the most promising areas of research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effect of Tapering Period with and without Creatine Supplementation on Hormonal Responses of male football Players
Ebrahim Fallah Pegah Hooshangi Mohmmad JahangiriBackground: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a tapering period with creatine supplementation on hormonal responses of men football players. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 18 male soccer players of the first division league (mean ag MoreBackground: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a tapering period with creatine supplementation on hormonal responses of men football players. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 18 male soccer players of the first division league (mean age: 18.77 ± 1.26 years, height: 174.5± 5.77 cm, and weight: 64.07± 6.99 kg) that were in the specific conditioning period who were randomly divided into two equal groups: Taper alone (n=9) and Taper with creatine supplementation (n=9). The levels of blood hormonal parameters including testosterone, cortisol and testosterone to cortisol ratio (T/C) were measured before and after the tapering period (10 days). Paired t-test and independent T-test was used to examine the differences within and between groups, respectively. Results: The results showed that the cortisol levels in the post-test compared to the pre-test decreased significantly in both groups (p≤0.05) ; While, there was no significant difference in testosterone and T/C (p≥0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed in the levels of testosterone, cortisol and T/C between the two groups. Conclusion: The taper period can reduce the cortisol levels of male soccer players, but creatine consumption has no significant effect on the levels of cortisol, testosterone and T/C ratio in the taper period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effect of 8-week simultaneous metabolic resistance training and Chlorogenic acid supplement on the expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7: A randomized open label clinical trial
Maryam Takhty Farshad Ghazalian Shahram Soheili khosrow EbrahimBackground: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resis MoreBackground: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Materials and Methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Abstract Background and Objective: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Material and methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Relationship between erythropoietin and fasting glucose glucose after a resistance training program in male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes
Farshad Sadeghi Yaser Kazemzadeh Abdolali Banaeifar Sajad ArshadiBackground: Erythropoietin is known as a strong stimulant in the activation of satellite cells and increasing the regeneration function of muscle tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between erythropoietin concentration and fasting blood MoreBackground: Erythropoietin is known as a strong stimulant in the activation of satellite cells and increasing the regeneration function of muscle tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between erythropoietin concentration and fasting blood glucose after a resistance training program in male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male rats aged 6 weeks were divided into 3 groups: healthy control (n=8), diabetic control (n=8) and resistance training (n=8). Resistance exercises were performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week, with an intensity of 100-30% of the weight of the rats in the resistance training group. In the last week of the training program, the maximum oxygen consumption of the rats was taken using the executive protocol on the rat treadmill. 48 hours after finishing the training program, blood samples were taken from the right ventricle of heart of the rats and erythropoietin and fasting blood glucose were evaluated. The data was statistically analyzed using Pearson's correlation and one-way analysis of variance at the alpha level of less than 0.05. Results: The results showed that there is no significant relationship between erythropoietin and fasting blood glucose among any of the groups. Also, performing 8 weeks of resistance training in diabetic rats led to an increase in erythropoietin concentration (P≤0.0001) and a decrease in blood glucose (P≤0.0001). Conclusion: It seems that more stimulation of EPO and regeneration of muscle tissue as well as increased energy consumption in muscle tissue is one of the possible mechanisms of blood glucose reduction caused by 8 weeks of resistance training in diabetic rats Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of endurance training and mesenchymal stem cells on ALP gene expression and osteopontin levels in rats with knee osteoarthritis
Marjan Haghjoo Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Seyed Ali Hosseini Maghsoud PeeriBackground: Osteoarthritis (arthritis of the joints) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of bone tissue that reduces the process of absorption and reabsorption in bone. Exercise and stem cell injections can have beneficial effects in treating this disease. The MoreBackground: Osteoarthritis (arthritis of the joints) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of bone tissue that reduces the process of absorption and reabsorption in bone. Exercise and stem cell injections can have beneficial effects in treating this disease. The enzymes alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, as markers of bone formation, play an important role in diagnosing the progression or treatment of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of training, stem cells and hyaluronic acid on osteocalcin, ALP and osteopontin in the cartilage tissue of rats with osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 25 rats were divided in 5 groups including: (1) healthy control, (2) patient control, (3) endurance training (3 days a week for one month), (4) recipients of mesenchymal stem cells (1 × 106 cells / Kg), and (5) simultaneous recipients of endurance training and mesenchymal stem cells. Alkaline phosphatase gene expression was assessed by RT PCR and the amount of osteopontin synthesis was measured by immunohistochemistry procedure. Results: Training and mesenchymal stem cell injection had a significant effect on increasing alkaline phosphatase gene expression and osteopontin in patient rats compared to the patient control group (P <0.001). Also, simultaneous endurance training and stem cell injection have interactive effects on increasing both factors (P <0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it seems that endurance training and injection of mesenchymal stem cells in the joints, either separately or simultaneously, can increase the expression of alkaline phosphatase gene and the amount of osteopontin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on some apoptotic factors of elderly men
Seyed Hossein Mousavi Bahram Abedi Mojtaba KhansoozBackground: Considering the significant increase in apoptosis in the elderly, which is related to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on some factors of apoptosis in elderly MoreBackground: Considering the significant increase in apoptosis in the elderly, which is related to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on some factors of apoptosis in elderly men was investigated. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted using a semi-experimental method with 30 healthy elderly men aged 60 to 75 years. who voluntarily participated in this research project and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group participated in aerobic exercises for 8 weeks (three sessions of 1 hour per week) based on the special recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) for the elderly. The control group did not have any physical activity during this period. Serum caspase-8, P53 and IGF-1 were measured by ELISA method. Dependent t-test and independent t-test were used to check the intra-group and inter-group differences of variables. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software and the significance level was considered p≤0.05 in all steps. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic exercise increased the serum levels of caspase 8(P=0.0001) and decreased the serum levels of P53(P=0.0001) and IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor) (P=0.0001). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present research, it seems that eight weeks of aerobic exercise significantly increases the serum levels of caspase 8 and decreases the serum levels of P53 and IGF-1 in elderly men. According to these results, more research is needed in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effects of acute intensive exercise on hormone response in children, adolescents, and youth athletes
Mohammad Reza Fadaei Chafy Mohammad Reza Annabi Toolgilani Ramin ShabaniBackground: The transition from childhood to adulthood is associated with many physiological changes that result from hormonal changes. Despite this, it has been reported that hormonal response to exercise can be age-dependent.the purpose of this study was to investigat MoreBackground: The transition from childhood to adulthood is associated with many physiological changes that result from hormonal changes. Despite this, it has been reported that hormonal response to exercise can be age-dependent.the purpose of this study was to investigate growth hormone, insulin, testosterone, and cortisol response to acute intensive exercise in children, adolescents, and youth male athletes. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine eligible football players volunteered to participate in the study. Participants assigned to three groups: children (age = 10.88 ± 0.92, n=9), adolescents (age = 14.40 ± 1.17, n=10), and youth (age = 17.70 ± 0.82, n=10). The Bruce Protocol Stress Test was performed as an acute intensive exercise on treadmill. Plasma hormones were measured before and after the exercise. Results: The acute intensive exercise leads to a significant increase in circulating levels of testosterone (p = 0.02) and Cortisol in children (p = 0.001). In the adolescent group, only a significant increase in GH (p = 0.001) was observed. In the youth group a significant increase in GH (p=0.05) and testosterone (p=0.001) was observed. However, insulin levels did not change significantly after intensive exercise in all groups. Results showed that there were no significant differences between hormonal changes within the three groups. Conclusion: The results showed that the basal levels of some hormones and their changes after exercise were different. However, the pattern of hormonal changes after acute intensive exercise was similar in children, adolescents, and young athlete boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of correction exercises with hydrotherapy on reduce pain, fatigue and quality of life in middle-aged women with chronic low back pain
Fereshteh Mozafari Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo Seyed Kazem Mousavi SadatiBackground and Aim: Chronic back pain is a common problem in the world, which is the most frequent among middle-aged women. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercises along with water therapy on reduci MoreBackground and Aim: Chronic back pain is a common problem in the world, which is the most frequent among middle-aged women. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercises along with water therapy on reducing pain, fatigue, life expectancy and trunk kinematic indices in women with chronic low back pain. Material and Methods: The research sample includes 30 of these people who were randomly selected and then randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, control and experimental. In this study, the amount of back pain was evaluated with the help of a visual pain assessment questionnaire. Also, the quality of life of the subjects was evaluated with the help of the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire - short form and the intensity of fatigue with the help of the MFIS questionnaire. After evaluating the variables, the subjects were divided into two control and training groups, and the training group did the training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group also did their daily activities during this period. In this study, the normality of the distributions was investigated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. In order to test the research hypotheses under normal conditions, analysis of covariance (between groups) and correlation t (within groups) were used. Results: The results of this study showed that applying an eight-week corrective exercise program along with water therapy is effective in reducing fatigue and quality of life in addition to reducing pain (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed the effect of corrective exercises along with water therapy on reducing back pain, improving quality of life and trunk kinematics in middle-aged women. Based on this, it seems that applying the exercises of the present study can be effective in improving the quality of life in middle-aged women with back pain Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating the effect of aerobic exercise and octopamine on HIF-1 gene and protein expression and the permeability of white cells into visceral adipose tissue in rats fed with heated oil
Fateme Shokri Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Maghsoud Peeri Farshad GhazalianBackground and purpose: the use of heated oils has become an integral part of today's nutrition. Studies show that with the development of obesity, capillarization in adipose tissue does not occur in line with changes in cell size. Therefore, adipose tissue in obese peo MoreBackground and purpose: the use of heated oils has become an integral part of today's nutrition. Studies show that with the development of obesity, capillarization in adipose tissue does not occur in line with changes in cell size. Therefore, adipose tissue in obese people is always associated with lack of oxygen and it causes systemic inflammation by releasing inflammatory mediators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and octopamine on HIF-1 protein concentration in visceral fat and white cells in rats fed with deeply-heated oil. Methodology: In an experimental trial, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: healthy control, control-heated oil, aerobic exercise-heated oil, octopamine-heated oil and exercise, and octopamine-heated oil. Octopamine was given to rats by IP intraperitoneal injection daily for four weeks and five days a week. Aerobic exercise was also performed for four weeks and five days a week with moderate intensity on the treadmill. Forty-eight hours after the last intervention, the rats were anesthetized and visceral adipose tissue was removed from the body to measure HIF-1a gene expression. As a result of receiving deeply-heated oil, the expression of HIF-1 gene and protein in visceral fat increased significantly (P=0.001), but the number of white cells in visceral adipose tissue increased significantly (P=0.001). Aerobic exercise significantly decreased HIF-1 gene and protein expression (P=0.01). In addition, octopamine supplementation had no significant effect on HIF-1 gene expression of visceral fat of white cells in rats poisoned with deeply-heated oil. Receiving octopamine also decreased HIF-1 gene and protein expression (P=0.002). In addition, exercise significantly reduced the number of white cells (P=0.001). Octopamine could significantly reduce the expression of HIF-1 protein and the number of white cells. The interaction of exercise and octopamine was significant for the expression of HIF-1 protein and the number of white cells. Findings: The results of this study showed that aerobic exercise and octopamine improve the angiogenesis process of the visceral adipose tissue that had been disrupted by heated oils, and reduce the damage caused by feeding with deeply-heated oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The effect CBD oil consumption on Ceramide gene expression in heart tissue of rats with heart infarction along with swimming training
Mostafa Safian Boldaji khosro Jalali Dehkordi Farzaneh TaghianBackground: Although the beneficial role of exercise and CBD oil in Myocardial infarction (MI) has been reported, the interactive effect of swimming training (ST) and CBD Oil (CO) consumption is still not well known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investiga MoreBackground: Although the beneficial role of exercise and CBD oil in Myocardial infarction (MI) has been reported, the interactive effect of swimming training (ST) and CBD Oil (CO) consumption is still not well known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of CBD oil consumption on Ceramide gene expression in the heart tissue of rats suffering from heart infarction along with swimming exercise. Materials and Methods: In this experimental trial, 25 ovariectomized rats with myocardial infarction were divided into five groups, including (1) Healthy control (HC), (2) Myocardial infarction (MI) (3) Myocardial infarction+ Swimming training (MI+ST), (4) Myocardial infarction + 50 mg/kg of CBD oil consumption (MI+CO 50), and (5) Myocardial infarction + 50 mg/kg of CBD oil consumption+ Swimming training (MI+. +CO 50 + ST). Myocardial ischemia was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (50 mg/kg intravenously) in myocardial infarction rats. Groups 3 and 4 received 50 mg/kg CBD as gavage on a daily basis for eight weeks, and groups 2 and 4 performed swimming training five days a week. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test was performed to analyze the findings (P < 0.05)).In this study, 25 rats were divided in 5 groups including: (1) healthy control, (2) patient control, (3) endurance training (3 days a week for one month), (4) recipients of mesenchymal stem cells (1 × 106 cells / Kg), and (5) simultaneous recipients of endurance training and mesenchymal stem cells. Alkaline phosphatase gene expression was assessed by RT PCR and the amount of osteopontin synthesis was measured by immunohistochemistry procedure. Results: Ceramide in the MI group had a significant decrease compared to the healthy control group (p=0.01). Compared to the MI group, only the MI group + swimming + CBD supplement showed a significant increase in Ceramide (p=0.01). Conclusion: Eight weeks of CBD oil consumption and swimming training can reduce heart tissue damage by increasing Ceramide expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with curd consumption on the cortisol. Leptin and calcium levels in rural overweight Women
Zahra Etemadi Masoumeh Hosseini Alireza EizadiBackground: Leptin, produced from obesity gene, plays a key role in weight regulation. Rural women are vulnerable due to some social restrictions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training along with curd consumption on c MoreBackground: Leptin, produced from obesity gene, plays a key role in weight regulation. Rural women are vulnerable due to some social restrictions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training along with curd consumption on cortisol, leptin and calcium levels in rural overweight women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 32 overweight women with an age range of 30-40 years were randomly divided into four groups (control, supplement, training, training + supplement). The training program was running on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week, each session 30 minutes with an intensity of 65% MHR in the first week and reached 45 minutes with an intensity of 70% MHR in the eighth week. 100 grams of curd for eight weeks, three days a week, were given to the supplemented groups. Blood samples were taken before and after the training program in the fasting state. Data were evaluated using multivariate covariance analysis (P ≥ 0.05). Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic training with curd consumption caused a significant decrease in leptin, fat percentage and a significant increase in calcium in women (P=0.000). But it had no effect on cortisol. Conclusion: aerobic training with curd can prevent injuries related to excess weight by improving fat metabolism and reducing leptin. To lose weight and maintain bone density in rural women, aerobic training along with curd consumption is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effects of eight weeks resistance training on cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats
Fateme Guderzi Hossein Abed Natanzi Marzieh Mazrae KhatiriBackground: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the improvement or prevention of cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats. Main Topic this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on t MoreBackground: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the improvement or prevention of cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats. Main Topic this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the rehabilitation or prevention of cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 18 Wistar rats with mean age of 24 months were randomly divided into control and endurance training groups (9 rats in each group). After a week of familiarization and adaptation, the experimental group performed their training program on a rats' resistance training ladder for 8 weeks and 5 days per week. The control group did not perform any exercise during this time. Research variables were measured by ELISA method and histological tests by trichrome-staining. For inferential analysis of data from independent t-test was used. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic training had a significant effect on SOD (P = 0.001), CAT (P = 0.006), GPX (P = 0.012), TGF (P = 0.001) and Tissue collagen in cardiac tissue of elderly rats. It has. Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the positive role of resistance training in improving cardiac fibrosis due to collagen depletion due to TGF-β inhibition and its signaling pathway due to the improvement of cardiac tissue antioxidant enzymes. These exercises can be used to rehabilitate or prevent cardiac fibrosis. Manuscript profile