Evaluation of the relationship pattern of (MOPC) and (APFT) tests in measuring aerobic power of military students
Subject Areas : Physical FitnessHekmat Ehsan Baksh 1 , Reza Sabzevari Rad 2 *
1 - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Ali Officers' University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Ali Officers' University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: MOPC, APFT, aerobic power, military students,
Abstract :
Background: military forces must be physically fit to perform the task in order to perform their specialized function properly and with minimal casualties in completely different and critical situations. So the purpose of this study was Evaluation of the relationship pattern of (MOPC) and (APFT) tests in measuring aerobic power of military students. Materials and Methods: 25 Officer Students (21-25 years) were purposefully selected. At first, the MOPC (3mile run, MOB, Bench Press, Barfix, Back Squat, Simulated Casualty Evacuation Test) was performed. next stage was to perform the APFT functional test (540 m run, sit-ups, modified barfix, push-ups, sit -reach, 45 m run and agility with 4 x 9-meter test). The test was performed at the 10-day interval as MOPC. Thirdly, after one week of performing the main tests, respiratory gases (VO2, VCO2), RQ, lactate threshold (equivalent to 92% of VO2max), THR, intensity (VO2max%), O2pluse and aerobic power (VO2max) of subjects were assessed by Bruce's progressive and exhaustive test. the assumption of normality was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Also, linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the two performance tests and Statistical analysis was performed at the significant level (p <0.05). Results: : Subjects' VO2max had a relatively weak correlation with MOPC (R = 0.26 and SEE = 0.05) and APFT (R=0.06 and SEE=0.18), which was not statistically significant. A moderate correlation(R=0.49) was observed between the two students' performance tests, however, this proportion was not significant with respect to the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.28). Conclusion: However, having adequate aerobic power for the military forces indicates optimal levels of cardiopulmonary fitness. But in terms of the level of specialized performance when performing the test, it is not able to evaluate proper motor readiness It is therefore suggested that the components of military performance tests be reviewed and refined. by increasing Ceramide expression.
1. KORDI M., GHADAMI M., EDALATKHAH F.. EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS OF EXECUTING SUGGESTION SYSTEM ON FACILITATING EXECUTIVE PROCESS OF TEHRAN MUNICIPALITY. URBAN MANAGEMENT STUDIES[Internet]. 2011;3(7):79-92. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/199315/en .
2. Ghanbarzadeh, M. (2017). The Effect of an Intensity Interval Training (Hit) on the Fitness and Body Composition of the Military Personnel. Journal of Military Medicine, 18, 367-374. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Effect-of-an-Intensity-Interval-Training-(Hit)-Ghanbarzadeh/fbf1a435523d343c3a3dbb7476899fe041c06dc2 .
3. Knapik JJ, Canham-Chervak M, Hoedebecke E, Hewitson WC, Hauret K, Held C, Sharp MA. The fitness training unit in U.S. Army basic combat training: physical fitness, training outcomes, and injuries. Mil Med. 2001 Apr;166(4):356-61. doi: 10.21236/ada400610. PMID: 11315481.
4. Grier T, Canham-Chervak M, McNulty V, Jones BH. Extreme conditioning programs and injury risk in a US Army Brigade Combat Team. US Army Med Dep J. 2013 Oct-Dec:36-47. PMID: 24146241.
5. Harman EA, Gutekunst DJ, Frykman PN, Nindl BC, Alemany JA, Mello RP, Sharp MA. Effects of two different eight-week training programs on military physical performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Mar;22(2):524-34. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816347b6. PMID: 18550970.
6. Mohammadi, S., Rostamkhani, F., Riyahi Malayeri, S. et al. High-intensity interval training with probiotic supplementation decreases gene expression of NF-κβ and CXCL2 in small intestine of rats with steatosis. Sport Sci Health 18, 491–497 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00829-5.
7. Knapik J, Daniels W, Murphy M, Fitzgerald P, Drews F, Vogel J. Physiological factors in infantry operations. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;60(3):233-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00839165. PMID: 2347328.
8. Riyahi Malayeri, S., Nikbakht, H, Gaeini (2014). Serum Chemerin Levels and Insulin Resistance Response to High- Intensity Interval Training in Overweight Men. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 3(2), pp. 385-389.
9. Riyahi Malayeri S, Kaka Abdullah Shirazi S, Behdari R, mousavi Sadati K. Effect of 8-week Swimming training and garlic intake on serum ICAM and VCAM adhesion molecules in male obese rats. . JSSU 2019; 26 (10) :867-878.URL: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-4695-en.html.
10. Sharp MA, Legg SJ. Effects of psychophysical lifting training on maximal repetitive lifting capacity. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1988 Dec;49(12):639-44. doi: 10.1080/15298668891380385. PMID: 3213818.
11. Vanderburgh PM. Occupational relevance and body mass bias in military physical fitness tests. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Aug;40(8):1538-45. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817323ee. PMID: 18614935.
12. Crowder TA, Ferrara AL, Levinbook MD. Creation of a criterion-referenced Military Optimal Performance Challenge. Mil Med. 2013 Oct;178(10):1085-101. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00081. PMID: 24083922.
13. Fakourian A, Azarbaijani M, Peeri M. Effect a period of selective military training on physical fitness, body mass index, mental health and mood in officer students. 2012. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289520972_EFFECT_A_PERIOD_OF_SELECTIVE_MILITARY_TRAINING_ON_PHYSICAL_FITNESS_BODY_MASS_INDEX_MENTAL_HEALTH_AND_MOOD_IN_OFFICER_STUDENTS .
14. Artero EG, Lee DC, Lavie CJ, España-Romero V, Sui X, Church TS, Blair SN. Effects of muscular strength on cardiovascular risk factors and prognosis. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2012 Nov-Dec;32(6):351-8. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3182642688. PMID: 22885613; PMCID: PMC3496010.
15. Roy TC, Springer BA, McNulty V, Butler NL. Physical fitness. Military medicine. 2010;175(suppl_8):14-20 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278000131_Military_Medicine_Volume_175_August_2010_Supplement_Total_Force_Fitness_for_the_21st_Century_A_New_Paradigm /
16. Welk GJ, Going SB, Morrow JR Jr, Meredith MD. Development of new criterion-referenced fitness standards in the FITNESSGRAM® program: rationale and conceptual overview. Am J Prev Med. 2011 Oct;41(4 Suppl 2):S63-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.07.012. PMID: 21961614.
17. Heydari S T, Khoshdel A, Sabayan B, Abtahi F, Zamirian M, et al. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Military Personnel in Southern Iran. Int Cardio Res J. 2010;4(1):e67653 . https://brieflands.com/articles/ircrj-67653.html.
18. Knapik JJ, Bullock SH, Canada S, Toney E, Wells JD, Hoedebecke E, Jones BH. Influence of an injury reduction program on injury and fitness outcomes among soldiers. Inj Prev. 2004 Feb;10(1):37-42. doi: 10.1136/ip.2003.002808. PMID: 14760025; PMCID: PMC1756537.
19. Barlow CE, Kohl HW 3rd, Gibbons LW, Blair SN. Physical fitness, mortality and obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995 Oct;19 Suppl 4:S41-4. PMID: 8581093.
20. Kianmehr P, Nazem F. Evaluation of validity and capability of professional function test of Iranian firemen. Journal Mil Med. 2011;13(3):147-53 . https://www.magiran.com/paper/919197/evaluation-of-validity-and-capability-of-professional-function-test-of-iranian-firemen?lang=en .
21. Knapik JJ, Sharp MA, Darakjy S, Jones SB, Hauret KG, Jones BH. Temporal changes in the physical fitness of US Army recruits. Sports Med. 2006;36(7):613-34. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636070-00005. PMID: 16796397.
22. Knapik J. The Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT): a review of the literature. Mil Med. 1989 Jun;154(6):326-9. PMID: 2498771.
23. Barapour E, Jajalvand M, samet M. Evaluation of physical and motor readiness of cadets based on army international norms. EBNESINA 2016; 18 (3) :18-25
URL: http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-421-fa.html.
24. Colmenero MH, Vicente GF, Ruíz JR. Assessment of physical fitness in military and security forces: a systematic review. European Journal of Human Movement. 2014(32):3-28.https://www.eurjhm.com/index.php/eurjhm/article/view/317.
25. Knapik JJ, Harman EA, Steelman RA, Graham BS. A systematic review of the effects of physical training on load carriage performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Feb;26(2):585-97. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182429853. PMID: 22130400.
26. Marić L, Krsmanović B, Mraović T, Gogić A, Sente J, Smajić M. The effectiveness of physical education of the Military Academy cadets during a 4-year study. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2013 Jan;70(1):16-20. doi: 10.2298/vsp1301016m. PMID: 23401924.
27. Nikroo, H., Barancheshme, & Azoore (2014). The comparison of the effects of combined selection of exercises and current sports activities on the improvement of physical fitness of soldiers during the training term of national service. Journal of Military Medicine, 16, 9-16.
28. Riyahi Malayeri, S., Saei, M. (2019). 'Changes in Insulin resistance and serum levels of resistin after 10 weeks high intensity interval training in overweight and obese men.', Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 10(4), pp. 31-42.
29. Mohammadi H, Sahebazamani M. Changes in soldiers’ aerobic fitness and muscle endurance during initial basic training of police. International journal of applied exercise physiology. 2012 Dec 16;1(2).
30. Spartali I, Kostantinos H, Ioannis K, Thrasivoulos P. Body fat percentage and body mass index as predictors of cadets’ physical performance. The Open Sports Sciences Journal. 2014;7(1).. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260868934_Body_Fat_Percentage_and_Body_Mass_Index_as_Predictors_of_Cadets'_Physical_Performance.
31. Jones, K., DeBeliso, M., Sevene, T.G., Berning, J.M., & Adams, K.J. (2012). Body Mass Index and Army Physical Fitness Test Standards in ROTC Cadets. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Body-Mass-Index-and-Army-Physical-Fitness-Test-in-Jones-DeBeliso/e51fa0d3b707d2c9f4f1218845935ba5a257e82d?utm_source=direct_link.
32. Monyeki MA, Koppes LL, Monyeki KD, Kemper HC, Twisk JW. Longitudinal relationships between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness in rural children of South Africa: The Ellisras longitudinal study. Am J Hum Biol. 2007 Jul-Aug;19(4):551-8. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20616. PMID: 17546607.
33. Bompa T, Buzzichelli C. Periodization Training for Sports, 3E: Human kinetics; 2015. https://a.co/d/4WXBbnO.