Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one cycle of regular yoga exercises on body posture, fatigue severity, pain and trunk kinematics in girls with erectile dysfunction. Materials and Methods: The present study was an applied study that was performed by quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all girls aged 25-35 years living in Rasht with erectile dysfunction that 24 people were selected as a sample based on G-Power software based on entry and exit criteria in a targeted and accessible manner. An equal number (12 experimental and 12 control) were divided. The experimental group underwent Iangar yoga for 3 weeks each week for eight weeks, and the control group performed only their daily activities. Then, in order to measure the pre-test and post-test of the head-forward variables, dorsal kyphosis, lumbar lordosis from a flexible ruler, to measure fatigue severity from the MFIS fatigue questionnaire, for back pain from the visual pain intensity scale (vas) and to measure upper rotation Shoulder and shoulder protection by Diota (1990) method and the total shoulder protection on the dominant and non-dominant side was considered as the distance between the two shoulders. Data were analyzed using paired t-test at the significance level of P≥0.05. Results: The results of paired t-test showed a significant effect of eight weeks of yoga exercises on head forward reduction, dorsal kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, fatigue severity, low back pain, upper scapular rotation, scapular protrusion and distance between two scapulae (p≤ 0.001). Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be concluded that yoga exercises in girls with dorsal kyphosis and cervical and lumbar lordosis in order to strengthen the stabilizing muscles of the spine as well as strengthening the scapular retractor muscles and stretching the anterior chest muscles while reducing the kyphosis angle. Cervical and lumbar lordosis improves the position of the scapula and consequently increases the range of motion of the upper limb. Manuscript profile

Background: In this research, we investigated the role of conscious control propensity in determining the effects of attentional foci on performance and learning of basketball accuracy pass in children (10-12 years old). Materials and Methods: To determine the children’s conscious control propensity, the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale was used. Seventy-two children in two high and low conscious control groups that each group divided to three sub-groups (internal, external, and control) entered the acquisition and transfer and retention tests in the basketball accuracy pass task. Results: The results showed that during the acquisition period, low and high conscious control propensity did not have any effect. Though there was a significant interaction between conscious control propensity and attentional foci in transfer and retention tests, but the main effects were not significant. Conclusion: Based on these results, children's motor learning is more effective when the instructions for attentional foci suited their natural tendencies. Manuscript profile

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the improvement or prevention of cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats. Main Topic this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the rehabilitation or prevention of cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 18 Wistar rats with mean age of 24 months were randomly divided into control and endurance training groups (9 rats in each group). After a week of familiarization and adaptation, the experimental group performed their training program on a rats' resistance training ladder for 8 weeks and 5 days per week. The control group did not perform any exercise during this time. Research variables were measured by ELISA method and histological tests by trichrome-staining. For inferential analysis of data from independent t-test was used. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic training had a significant effect on SOD (P = 0.001), CAT (P = 0.006), GPX (P = 0.012), TGF (P = 0.001) and Tissue collagen in cardiac tissue of elderly rats. It has. Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the positive role of resistance training in improving cardiac fibrosis due to collagen depletion due to TGF-β inhibition and its signaling pathway due to the improvement of cardiac tissue antioxidant enzymes. These exercises can be used to rehabilitate or prevent cardiac fibrosis. Manuscript profile

Background: Leptin, produced from obesity gene, plays a key role in weight regulation. Rural women are vulnerable due to some social restrictions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training along with curd consumption on cortisol, leptin and calcium levels in rural overweight women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 32 overweight women with an age range of 30-40 years were randomly divided into four groups (control, supplement, training, training + supplement). The training program was running on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week, each session 30 minutes with an intensity of 65% MHR in the first week and reached 45 minutes with an intensity of 70% MHR in the eighth week. 100 grams of curd for eight weeks, three days a week, were given to the supplemented groups. Blood samples were taken before and after the training program in the fasting state. Data were evaluated using multivariate covariance analysis (P ≥ 0.05). Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic training with curd consumption caused a significant decrease in leptin, fat percentage and a significant increase in calcium in women (P=0.000). But it had no effect on cortisol. Conclusion: aerobic training with curd can prevent injuries related to excess weight by improving fat metabolism and reducing leptin. To lose weight and maintain bone density in rural women, aerobic training along with curd consumption is recommended. Manuscript profile

This article explores the growing trend among athletes to seek out substances that can enhance their performance to achieve optimal athletic performance. The increasing concerns regarding banned supplements have led to a growing interest in exploring the effectiveness of herbal alternatives. Herbs native to Iran have gained significant attention due to the substantial body of research that supports their potential to enhance athletic performance and protect overall health. Research has demonstrated that herbs such as jujube and saffron can augment cognitive function, regulate tension, reduce the likelihood of injuries, improve sleep quality, and restore vitality and endurance. Simultaneously, Iranian sage and chamomile effectively reduce inflammation and accelerate recovery after physical activity. An additional treasure from Iran's herbal treasury, Ginkgo biloba is notable for its profound advantages on focusing and cognitive ability. The combined use of these herbs enhances athletic performance and promotes overall well-being. This presentation broadly examines Iran's medical herbs and explains how they can help athletes in many ways. These natural remedies provide a sustainable route to optimal performance, particularly during the critical pre-competition phase, by facilitating fatigue reduction and obesity management. All things considered, this highlights the revolutionary potential of Iranian herbal mixtures for molding top-notch athletic performance and fostering overall wellness. Athletes can attain peak performance levels while avoiding the drawbacks of illegal supplements when they advocate for taking these natural substances in their workouts. Manuscript profile

Background: Today, researches have shown that the combination of some herbal supplements and doing sports exercises can have more effects on the recovery of some diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and papaya supplement consumption on the lipid profile of men with fatty liver. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the present study included all men with fatty liver in Yazd city, among whom there were 60 men with an average age of 25 to 35 years and a body mass index between 25 and 35 kg/m2, were randomly divided into four groups of 15 including aerobic exercise group, aerobic exercise group-papaya supplement, papaya supplement group and control group. The subjects of the training and training-supplementary group performed aerobic exercise according to the given program for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session lasted for 70 minutes. In the same period, the supplement and training groups also received a papaya supplement in the form of capsules at a dose of 30 mg per kilogram of body weight every day after dinner. Karika Papaya Slim capsules produced in the Philippines in 2021 were prepared. Blood samples were taken from the subjects in the fasting state and at night, 72 hours before and after 8 weeks of training. Data analysis at the level of descriptive statistics using mean and standard deviation tests and at the level of inferential statistics after checking the normality of the data by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used. A significant level was considered in the current research (P<0.05) and all statistical steps were performed using spss25. Results: he present study showed that eight weeks of aerobic training with papaya supplementation had a significant effect on serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) However, there was no significant change in the level of cholesterol (TC) (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from the present research, it is possible to use aerobic exercise and papaya supplement separately and especially simultaneously to improve the lipid profile of patients with fatty liver. Manuscript profile

Background: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of one session of exhaustive activity with supplementation of beta-alanine on the level of carnosine and muscle strength of upper and lower extremities of bodybuilding athletes. Materials and Methods: Twenty bodybuilders were randomly divided into two equal groups of 10 who were taking supplemental beta-alanine and placebo. The experimental group consumed beta-alanine for 21 days and the placebo group received dextrose. The level of carnosine and muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities were measured before and after supplementation. Blood sampling was done before and after supplementation after session of exhaustive workout. Paired t-test and ANCOVA were used for data analysis using SPSS 21 software at a significant level (p <0.05). Results: The results of paired t-test showed that in all three variables of lactate, carnosine and growth hormone only in the beta-alanine group, a significant change was observed between pre-test and post-test (P <0.05). And amount of these variables in the post-test showed a significant difference compared to the pre-test. Also, ANCOVA test results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups of beta-alanine and placebo in all three variables (P <0.05). Conclusion: Beta-alanine supplementation with an exhaustive exercise session increases the level of carnosine in blood and hence increases the fatigue tolerance of bodybuilding athletes and ultimately improves the muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities of athletes and bodybuilders. Therefore, bodybuilders can use this supplement to improve their performance. Manuscript profile

Background: The results of some research studies have revealed the positive effect of the caffeine consumption on the muscle fatigue and anaerobic power of the athletes. According to these findings, the purpose of the present research study is investigating the effect of one session of exhaustive exercise and caffeine consumption on muscle fatigue levels and anaerobic power of the professional female karatekas. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 professional female karatekas who had at least been present in the Karate national team selected camp once, were chosen based on the entrance criteria and the purposive sampling. The samples were randomly divided into three homogeneous groups consisting of 10 individuals (two groups receiving the 6 and 9 milligrams of caffeine supplement for each kilogram of body weight) and the placebo (6 milligrams of dextrose for each kilogram of body weight). The blood samples were taken prior to and after the anaerobic exhaustive test of Cunningham and Faulkner. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between the control and 9-miligram caffeine groups in all variables (P0.005). Finally, the results of the study demonstrated that there was a significant difference resulting from the effect of 6 and 9-milligrams caffeine amounts on the levels of lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, peak, average, anaerobic power and fatigue of the professional female karatekas (P0.005), though, there was no significant difference among the lactic acid, PH and the anaerobic power drop (P×0.005). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is recommended that female karatekas use the 9-miligram dosage caffeine supplement for reducing the levels of muscle fatigue and increasing the anaerobic power and blood PH. Manuscript profile

Background: Changes in the human body due to the aging process, especially the loss of strength and flexibility of the lower limbs can increase the risk of falls. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of selected Pilates, Pilates with Traband and Pilates exercises with both factors such as strength and flexibility of the lower extremities of non-athlete 50-60 years old. Materials and Methods: Thirty participants in this study have been randomly divided into three groups: quasi-experimental, Pilates (10), Pilates Traband (10) and Pilates (10). Before the beginning of the exercises, the strength of the lower limbs and static acceptance and the range of motion of extension and flexion of the thigh have been measured using the test of 30 sitting on a chair, static acceptance and goniometer, respectively. Moreover, all three groups as participated in a course of exercise. These exercises have performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for 1 hour and have performed after the participants. Data have been analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA. Results: As result, all three groups show the significant progress due to exercise but there is not any significant variance between the groups, as none of the methods is not better than other training methods. Conclusion: performing Pilates exercises, Weight and Traband based on the availability of training equipment and facilities, is beneficial for the elderly, and this exercise may reduce the negative physical consequences and consequent treatment costs, and helps to slow down the aging process and is effective in improving the daily activities of the elderly. Manuscript profile

Background: military forces must be physically fit to perform the task in order to perform their specialized function properly and with minimal casualties in completely different and critical situations. So the purpose of this study was Evaluation of the relationship pattern of (MOPC) and (APFT) tests in measuring aerobic power of military students. Materials and Methods: 25 Officer Students (21-25 years) were purposefully selected. At first, the MOPC (3mile run, MOB, Bench Press, Barfix, Back Squat, Simulated Casualty Evacuation Test) was performed. next stage was to perform the APFT functional test (540 m run, sit-ups, modified barfix, push-ups, sit -reach, 45 m run and agility with 4 x 9-meter test). The test was performed at the 10-day interval as MOPC. Thirdly, after one week of performing the main tests, respiratory gases (VO2, VCO2), RQ, lactate threshold (equivalent to 92% of VO2max), THR, intensity (VO2max%), O2pluse and aerobic power (VO2max) of subjects were assessed by Bruce's progressive and exhaustive test. the assumption of normality was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Also, linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the two performance tests and Statistical analysis was performed at the significant level (p <0.05). Results: : Subjects' VO2max had a relatively weak correlation with MOPC (R = 0.26 and SEE = 0.05) and APFT (R=0.06 and SEE=0.18), which was not statistically significant. A moderate correlation(R=0.49) was observed between the two students' performance tests, however, this proportion was not significant with respect to the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.28). Conclusion: However, having adequate aerobic power for the military forces indicates optimal levels of cardiopulmonary fitness. But in terms of the level of specialized performance when performing the test, it is not able to evaluate proper motor readiness It is therefore suggested that the components of military performance tests be reviewed and refined. by increasing Ceramide expression. Manuscript profile

Background: The purpose of this research was to compare the score of functional screening test in dentists with and without the complication of upper cross syndrome. Materials and Methods: A number of 30 dentists (age 39.97±5.47 years and body mass index 23.71±1.82 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this research, who were selected by available selective sampling method and they were divided into two groups of 15 people (group 1, simultaneously suffering from upper cruciate syndrome anomaly and group 2, without anomaly). Motor performance screening tests including deep squat, hurdle step, launch, rotational stability, push up stability, shoulder range of motion and active leg raising were measured in all participants. Also, the head and shoulder forward a(1)ngel and the kyphosis angel were measured to detect the mentioned abnormalities. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the data. To compare the demographic variables between two groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, to compare each of the FMS tests between two groups with and without upper cruciate syndrome, the non-parametric U-Man-Whitney test, and if the distribution of the results is normal, from Parametric independent t test was used. Also, independent parametric t-test was used to compare the overall scores of FMS tests. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Test scores of deep squat (P=0.003), launch (P=0.001), shoulder range of motion (P=0.000) and rotational stability (P=0.001) between two groups with and without deformities There was a significant difference in forward head and shoulder and kyphosis. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the test of stepping over the obstacle (P=0.397), active leg raising (P=0.133) and push up endurance (P=0.143). Discusion: From the results and discussions of this research, it can be concluded that the spine acts as a chain. So that the change in the curvature in any part of it can also change its muscle structure; This means that the muscles in that area can be weak or shortened. These changes in one of part of the spine can cause changes in the muscle structure of other areas.In the present research, according to the score of the seven FMS tests, it was found that the change in the muscle structure of the head, neck and chest causes a change in the muscle structure of other trunk areas and the scores of the tests are reduced. Manuscript profile

Background: Cell adhesion molecules mediate leukocyte responses to inflammation. The purpose of study was to the effect of aerobic training and probiotic intake on ICAM–1 in rats with fatty liver. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 rats (200-250 gr) were randomly divided into four groups (healthy control, steatosis, steatosis + probiotic, steatosis + probiotic + training). To create a fatty liver model, tetracycline at a dose of 100 mg / kg in a volume of 1.5 cc was gavaged daily for two weeks. The training program includes 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week, in the initial week with a speed of 18 meters per minute, time started 10 minutes and every week quickly, 1-2 meters per minute and time was added to 10 minutes. Supplemental groups received 109 CFU / ml of Lactobacillus ramensus by gavage daily for 8 weeks and 5 days per week. Liver tissue samples were taken to examine the expression of ICAM-1 gene. 10 ml of blood was collected from the hearts of rats for ALP testing. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p05/0≥. Results: The results showed that the aerobic training along with probiotic consumption significantly reduced the expression gene of ICAM-1 and ALP in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Conclusion: It seems aerobic training combined with probiotic consumption improved the expression gene of ICAM-1 and ALP enzyme in the studied samples which can be effective in treating patients with fatty liver disease Manuscript profile

Background: Metabolic syndrome includes a set of metabolic disorders that expose the patient to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of High intensity interval training and Eryngium billardieri extract consumption on the expression of visceral fat matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene and insulin resistance in rats with metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1- Healthy group 2- Metabolic syndrome 3- Metabolic syndrome + Eryngium billardieri 4- Metabolic syndrome + Eryngium billardieri + HIIT. The training protocol was performed on a rodent treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week and 125 mg of Eryngium billardieri extract per kilogram of body weight was given by gastric gavage 5 days a week for 8 weeks. At the end of the eighth week, sample of visceral adipose tissue was taken to examine the expression of MMP-2 gene. Animal blood was collected from the heart. ANOVA were used for data analysis using SPSS 23 software at a significant level (p <0.05). Tukey significance test was used to compare significant differences. Results: Eight weeks of intense intermittent exercise with consumption of Eryngium billardieri extract caused a significant decrease in MMP-2 gene levels and glucose and insulin levels in comparison with the metabolic syndrome group (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it seems that High intensity interval training with the use of Eryngium billardieri extract helps to improve insulin resistance and reduce MMP2. Manuscript profile

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of endurance exercise combined with myoclinic diet and Calorie restriction on the lipid profile of overweight women. Materials and Methods: The method of the present study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. For this purpose, 45 women referred to the Tehran Region 1 Fitness Club with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 30 and in the age group of 35 to 45 years voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were homogeneously divided into three groups of 15 people based on weight, height and body mass index, including the endurance training group with myoclinic diet, the endurance training group with Calorie restriction and the endurance training group alone. Endurance exercise was three sessions per week for eight weeks. The program, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, starting at 65% of maximum heart rate and increasing by 5% every two weeks until it reached 80% of maximum heart rate in the last week. The recommended diet for the endurance training groups with the Myoclink diet and the endurance training group with the Calorie restriction was given. Endurance training was also asked not to change their normal diet. Subjects' lipid profiles were measured before and after the training protocol. One-way ANOVA use for data analyses. Results: The results showed that in overweight women endurance training combined with myoclinic diet and endurance training combined with Calorie restriction improve the lipid profile (lowering total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increasing HDL) more than endurance training alone. (P ≤ 0.05) ؛ Also, there was no significant difference between the effect of endurance training with myoclinic diet and endurance training with Calorie restriction on improving lipid profile. (P ≥ 0.05) Conclusion: Combining endurance training with myoclinic diet or calorie control can be effective in improving the fat profile. Manuscript profile

Background: Parkour is a sport with alternating energy system in which some items such as lower body explosive power, muscular strength, production of high levels of power in the shortest period of time and high agility are of particular importance.Considering the anabolic and anticatabolic properties of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB), the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of taking this supplement along with plyometric training on body composition, agility and standing jump power of parkour athletes. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, forty parkour trained men (19-26 years old) have been chosen and randomly categorized into four groups: HMB group, Plyometric group, HMB and Plyometric group and control group. The training program was performed for plyometric and plyometric-HMB group, three sessions per week for eight weeks which took one hour each Session. Also HMB and plyometric-HMB groups consumed three grams of HMB per day for eight weeks. Body composition analysis and Illinois test and standing jump power test were conducted before and after eight weeks of plyometric training and HMB supplementation. Research data was analysed by ANCOVA statistical test. Results: The results of statistical analysis of each group showed that performing eight weeks of plyometric training significantly improves the standing jump power, agility and body fat percentage of the parkour athletes (p <0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that plyometric training increase the standing jump power and agility and reduce the body fat percentage in parkour athletes, but taking HMB supplement along with plyometric training only helps to burn more fat in the parkour athletes. Manuscript profile

Background: In Asian countries, like Malaysia, India, and Thailand, sago (SA) is frequently used as daily food. The use of local daily food as supplements over expensive drinks is cost–effective for athletes. Hence, SA (carbohydrate) could be recommended as affordable nutrition ingestion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SA, Soy (SO) protein, Sago+Soy (SS) supplementation (combination of carbohydrate and protein), and placebo (PL) during moderate–intensity cycling on subsequent 20–km time trial performance. Materials and Methods: The participants were 12 young male well–trained cyclists from Malaysia. They pedaled at 60% of VO2max for 90 min followed by a 20–km time trial (TT) in the heat. At 20 min intervals during cycling at 60% VO2max, participants consumed either SA, SO, SS, or a PL. The SA, SO, and SS feedings provided 7.5% SA, 7.5% SO, and 7.5% SA+1.5% SO respectively to drink iso–caloric beverages with an estimated energy level ~300 kcal. The average speed and cadence were also recorded during the TT. Results: Time taken for TT for SA, SO, SS, and PL were 42.8±1.8 min, 46.3±2.6 min, 42.7±2.3 min, and 43.2±1.8 min respectively. The TT performance, speed, and cadence of the cyclists did not exhibit any significant differences among the three trials. Conclusion: These data indicated that consumption of sago and soy, and iso–caloric SS (coingestion of sago and soy) during steady–state ride failed to improve the subsequent cycling performance in the heat. Manuscript profile