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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of Iso–Caloric Sago and Soy Supplementations during 90 Minutes Steady–State Cycling on Subsequent 20–km Cycling Time Trial Performance in the Heat
Daniel Tarmast Asok Kumar Ghosh Chee Keong ChenBackground: In Asian countries, like Malaysia, India, and Thailand, sago (SA) is frequently used as daily food. The use of local daily food as supplements over expensive drinks is cost–effective for athletes. Hence, SA (carbohydrate) could be recommended as affordable n MoreBackground: In Asian countries, like Malaysia, India, and Thailand, sago (SA) is frequently used as daily food. The use of local daily food as supplements over expensive drinks is cost–effective for athletes. Hence, SA (carbohydrate) could be recommended as affordable nutrition ingestion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SA, Soy (SO) protein, Sago+Soy (SS) supplementation (combination of carbohydrate and protein), and placebo (PL) during moderate–intensity cycling on subsequent 20–km time trial performance. Materials and Methods: The participants were 12 young male well–trained cyclists from Malaysia. They pedaled at 60% of VO2max for 90 min followed by a 20–km time trial (TT) in the heat. At 20 min intervals during cycling at 60% VO2max, participants consumed either SA, SO, SS, or a PL. The SA, SO, and SS feedings provided 7.5% SA, 7.5% SO, and 7.5% SA+1.5% SO respectively to drink iso–caloric beverages with an estimated energy level ~300 kcal. The average speed and cadence were also recorded during the TT. Results: Time taken for TT for SA, SO, SS, and PL were 42.8±1.8 min, 46.3±2.6 min, 42.7±2.3 min, and 43.2±1.8 min respectively. The TT performance, speed, and cadence of the cyclists did not exhibit any significant differences among the three trials. Conclusion: These data indicated that consumption of sago and soy, and iso–caloric SS (coingestion of sago and soy) during steady–state ride failed to improve the subsequent cycling performance in the heat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of 8-week metabolic resistance training and Chlorogenic acid supplement on the expression of UCP1: A randomized clinical trial
Maryam Takhty Farshad Ghazalian Shahram Soheili khosrow EbrahimBackground: Obesity and overweight is one of the major public health challenges all around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on weight MoreBackground: Obesity and overweight is one of the major public health challenges all around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on weight loss, expression level of UCP1in overweight women. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial performed in 2022 on a sample of overweight women in Iran. Participants in the study were randomly divided into four groups including combined 8-week course of MRT training and CGA supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: In the MRT exercise group, UCP1 expression increased by 4.3 units on average over the 8-week intervention. The highest increase was observed in participants who received both CGA supplement and MRT exercise where UCP1 increased from 22.5 (1.2) to 28.0 (3.5) over the study period (P<0.05). No significant increase was observed in CGA supplementation group. Conclusion: MRT exercises with and without CGA supplementation stimulated expression level of UCP1 mRNA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of 8-week simultaneous metabolic resistance training and Chlorogenic acid supplement on the expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7: A randomized open label clinical trial
Maryam Takhty Farshad Ghazalian Shahram Soheili khosrow EbrahimBackground: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resis MoreBackground: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Materials and Methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Abstract Background and Objective: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Material and methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of Carbohydrate, Protein and Their Combined Supplementations on Cycling Performance: A Brief Review
Daniel Tarmast Asok Kumar GhoshThis review illustrates the impact of carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) supplementation on cycling performance. Strategic nutritional planning greatly benefits endurance athletes, particularly cyclists, as it underscores the critical role of macronutrient consumption MoreThis review illustrates the impact of carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) supplementation on cycling performance. Strategic nutritional planning greatly benefits endurance athletes, particularly cyclists, as it underscores the critical role of macronutrient consumption in improving on the track/road performance and recovery. CHO is the primary energy source for prolonged cycling, as they are crucial for preserving optimal performance by preventing glycogen depletion and delaying fatigue. The efficacy of CHO is significantly influenced by their glycemic index (GI). High-GI CHO offers a rapid energy source that facilitates muscle glycogen resynthesis and sustained performance. Research suggests that high-GI CHO can increase muscle glycogen levels by up to 40% within four hours, underscoring their significance during and after pedaling. PRO, although not the primary energy source, is essential for synthesizing and repairing muscles, particularly during prolonged and intensive cycling. Incorporating essential amino acids to facilitate recovery is imperative, as they aid in muscle protein synthesis and mitigate muscle fatigue. Recent studies have demonstrated that PRO supplements, especially after pedaling, significantly enhance muscle glycogen and protein synthesis replenishment, leading to quicker recovery and improved performance during cycling sessions. The synergistic benefits of the combined supplementation of CHO and PRO are greater than those of each macronutrient alone. This combination improves endurance, delays fatigue, and ensures more efficient recovery by increasing glycogen storage, accelerating recovery, and enhancing muscle protein synthesis. The optimization of the benefits of these supplements is contingent upon the timing, dosage, and composition. Glycogen replenishment and muscle protein synthesis are optimized by consuming CHO and PRO immediately prior to and following exercise. This is particularly true for high-GI carbohydrates, such as glucose, and swiftly assimilated PRO, such as whey. In conclusion, this review provides practical recommendations for cyclists seeking to optimize their nutritional strategies by synthesizing findings from various studies. Cyclists can enhance their overall performance and achieve long-term athletic success by developing effective dietary plans that improve endurance, defer fatigue, and facilitate efficient recovery, facilitated by understanding the complex interactions between these macronutrients. Manuscript profile
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