A Theoretical Comparison Between Periodization and Non-Periodized Training: A Short Theory Review
Subject Areas : Sport Physiology
1 - Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch
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Abstract :
This article concerns periodized and non-periodized training protocols, now widely used to enhance athletic performance conditioning. Periodization is a systematic training protocol that structures training into specific phases. Periodization directly involves optimizing performance results by changing training variables such as intensity, volume, and exercise selection interpretation over time. Periodized training systems are also widely used to manage fatigue levels and reach peak performance at certain moments. On the other hand, however, a non-periodized training outlook involves a regular interchange, where training variables remain unchanged or change consistently. It may offer a more straightforward and more uncomplicated way of approaching training sessions but, as a result, may lead to flat progress. Hence, to clarify a more transparent approach to enhancing performance, this review article provides a more comprehensive theoretical comparison in depth between these methodologies, to try to delve into both conceptual frameworks' understanding, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and practical applications. This article also aims to represent more literature on the background. While trying to uncover some shadowed parts of the theoretical framework, this article examines some of the impact of periodized strength training on neuromuscular adaptation, muscle hypertrophy and other structural changes, supported by a review of key research findings. Furthermore, the historical development of periodization theory is discussed, outlining the evolution from early practices to contemporary models and assessing its relevance in modern athletic training. The comparison highlights how each approach influences performance, adaptation, and recovery, emphasizing the need for further research to better understand and apply these training methodologies in diverse athletic contexts. The review concludes that while periodization offers structured progression and helps prevent performance plateaus, non-periodized training provides flexibility and may suit specific training scenarios where simplicity is preferred.