The Effect of Panouol Herbal Supplement Consumption on RBM24 Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease Following Aquatic Exercise
Subject Areas : Sport PhysiologyZahra Amrollah 1 , khosro Jalali Dehkordi 2 * , Shahin Riyahi Malayeri 3 , Farzaneh Taghian 4
1 - Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 - Department of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, ET.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Keywords: Aquatic Exercise, Panouol Herbal, RBM24 Gene, Parkinson’s Disease,
Abstract :
Background: RBM24 is an RNA-binding protein involved in neuronal differentiation, RNA stability, and adult neurogenesis. Dysregulation of RBM24 has been associated with impaired neural regeneration and enhanced neurodegenerative processes, which are key pathological features of Parkinson’s disease. Considering the neuroprotective effects of exercise and herbal antioxidants, this study aimed to investigate the combined effects of aquatic exercise and Panoeol herbal supplementation on RBM24 gene expression in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.
|
|
Materials and Methods:Thirty male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: healthy control, Parkinson’s, Parkinson’s + aquatic exercise, Parkinson’s + Panoeol supplementation, and Parkinson’s + aquatic exercise combined with Panoeol supplementation. The aquatic exercise protocol was performed for six weeks, and Panoeol supplementation was administered daily. At the end of the intervention, brain tissue was collected, and RBM24 gene expression was quantified using real-time PCR.
Results:Parkinson’s induction significantly decreased RBM24 gene expression compared to the healthy control group. Both aquatic exercise and Panoeol supplementation independently increased RBM24 expression; however, the greatest increase was observed in the combined intervention group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:The combination of aquatic exercise and Panoeol supplementation effectively increases RBM24 gene expression in a Parkinson’s disease mouse model. These findings suggest that RBM24 may play a key mechanistic role in the neuroprotective effects of exercise and herbal supplementation and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for slowing neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease.
1. Tanaka M. Parkinson’s Disease: Bridging Gaps, Building Biomarkers, and Reimagining Clinical Translation. Cells. 2025;14(15):1161.
2. Mitchell AK, Bliss RR, Church FC. Exercise, neuroprotective exerkines, and Parkinson’s disease: A narrative review. Biomolecules. 2024;14(10):1241.
3. Wilson AC, Pountney DL, Khoo TK. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Exercise in Parkinson’s Disease. International journal of molecular sciences. 2025;26(10):4860.
4. de Laat B, Hoye J, Stanley G, Hespeler M, Ligi J, Mohan V, et al. Intense exercise increases dopamine transporter and neuromelanin concentrations in the substantia nigra in Parkinson’s disease. npj Parkinson's Disease. 2024;10(1):34.
5. Li H, Song F, Duan L-R, Sheng J-J, Xie Y-H, Yang Q, et al. Paeonol and danshensu combination attenuates apoptosis in myocardial infarcted rats by inhibiting oxidative stress: Roles of Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt pathway. Scientific Reports. 2016;6(1):23693.
6. Pour MZ, Taghian F, Dehkordi KJ. Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression Dynamics: PENK, PDYN, and NRF2 in Cognitive Recovery from Opioid Withdrawal with Herbal Supplements and Aerobic Exercise. Advanced Biomedical Research. 2025;14(1):87.
7. Liu J, Yao D, Zhou F, Li K, Sun W, Wang S, et al. noRBM24-mediated biogenesis of circ23679 protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis via sponging miR-15b-5p. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025:143242.
8. Wang K, Liu X-Y, Liu S-F, Wang X-X, Wei Y-H, Zhu J-R, et al. Rbm24/Notch1 signaling regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and mediates Parkinson-associated olfactory dysfunction. Theranostics. 2024;14(11):4499.
9. Shahi S, Hami J, Hosseini M, Lotfi N, Afshar M. Comparison of the intranasal and intraperitoneal injection of MPTP on density of dark neurons in pars compacta of substantia nigra in animal model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2015;17(3):55-62.
10. Davari S, Talaei SA, Soltani M, Alaei H, Salami M. The effect of co-administration of lactobacillus probiotics and bifidobacterium on spatial memory and learning in diabetic rats. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2012;70(9).
11. Cancela-Carral JM, Campo-Prieto P, Rodríguez-Fuentes G. The IntegraPark study: an opportunity to facilitate high-intensity exercise with immersive virtual reality in Parkinson’s disease patients. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024;9(3):156.
12. Zhang H, Liu J, Sun D, Liu Y, Sun W, Wang S, et al. RBM24 regulates phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cell in vascular remodeling by stabilizing JAK2 mRNA. Cardiovascular Research. 2025:cvaf219.
13. Gamborg M, Hvid LG, Dalgas U, Langeskov‐Christensen M. Parkinson’s disease and intensive exercise therapy—An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2022;145(5):504-28.
14. Zheng L, Yuan H, Zhang M, Wang C, Cai X, Liu J, et al. Rbm24 regulates inner-ear-specific alternative splicing and is essential for maintaining auditory and motor coordination. RNA biology. 2021;18(4):468-80.
15. Yao D, Wang X, Liu J, Xu XQ. Rbm24 modulates neuronal RNA splicing to restrict cognitive dysfunction. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2024;276:133853.
16. Rayêe D, Hwang D-W, Chang WK, Karp IN, Zhao Y, Bowman T, et al. Identification and classification of abundant RNA-binding proteins in the mouse lens and interactions of Carhsp1, Igf2bp1/ZBP1, and Ybx1 with crystallin and β-actin mRNAs. bioRxiv. 2025:2025.01. 10.632466.
17. Alvarez-Periel E, Kramer MC, Akay-Espinoza C, Jackson DP, Tasca JA, Garcia BA, et al. Global analysis of excitotoxicity-induced alterations in RNA structure and RNA-protein binding in neurons. iScience. 2025;28(6).
18. Burtscher J, Moraud EM, Malatesta D, Millet GP, Bally JF, Patoz A. Exercise and gait/movement analyses in treatment and diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease. Ageing research reviews. 2024;93:102147.
19. Ishaq S, Shah IA, Lee S-D, Wu B-T. Effects of exercise training on nigrostriatal neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2025;18:1464168.
20. Estakhr H, Hojjati S, Moghadasi M, Edalatmanesh MA. The Effect of High-Intensity Swimming Interval Training On Cytochrome C and ATP in Hippocampal Cells of Rats with Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2025;16(4):57-70.
21. Bloem BR, Okun MS, Klein C. Parkinson's disease. The Lancet. 2021;397(10291):2284-303.
22. Siddiqui SS, Aboshamat K, Loganathan S, Siddiqui ZK. Differentiation of Stem Cells into Neuronal Lineage: In Vitro Cell Culture and In Vivo Transplantation in Animal Models. Advances in Application of Stem Cells: From Bench to Clinics: Springer; 2021. p. 73-102.
23. Wu Z, Xia C, Zhang C, Yang D, Ma K. Prognostic significance of SNCA and its methylation in bladder cancer. BMC cancer. 2022;22(1):330.
24. Mancini M, Afshari M, Almeida Q, Amundsen-Huffmaster S, Balfany K, Camicioli R, et al. Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosis. npj Parkinson's Disease. 2025;11(1):51.
25. Naghizadeh N, Riyahi Malayeri S, Roozbahani M, Khademi A, Shirvani H. The Effectiveness of Endurance Training and Nano Curcumin Supplementation on the Expression of Mir-21and P53 Genes in Brain Tumor Tissue in an Animal Model of Glioblastoma Multiform. Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health. 2024;12(1):26-35.
26. Riyahi Malayeri S, Hoseini M. The Effect of Acute Exercise on Vaspin and Chemerin Levels in Obese Men. Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences. 2021;8(1):58-66.