مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30385162025915The effect of resistance exercise on the expression of the acute steroidogenic regulatory protein gene in rats fed a high-fat dietThe effect of resistance exercise on the expression of the acute steroidogenic regulatory protein gene in rats fed a high-fat diet110enFaezehSaebiDepartment of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Ra.C., Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. Shahram Gholamrezaei DarsaraDepartment of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Ra.C., Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.Mohammad Ali AzarbayjaniDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-3502-7487Mohammad Reza Fadaei ChafiDepartment of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Ra.C., Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.00000003026553292025712The present study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training on the expression of the Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene in the testicular tissue of rats consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Eighteen male Wistar rats were selected from the animal house of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. They were randomly divided into three groups: 1- control group fed with a normal diet, 2- control group fed with HFD and 3- resistance training group with HFD. HFD was administered for eight weeks. Resistance training was also performed during the first four weeks of HFD. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the animals were anestheticated with ketamine and xylazine. Testicular tissue was removed to determine StAR gene expression using Real Time PCR. Results showed that StAR gene expression in the high-fat diet-fed control group was significantly lower than that in the normal diet-fed control group (P=0.001). StAR gene expression in the resistance-exercise-HFD group was significantly higher than in the HFD control group (P=0.008). Based on this, it is concluded that resistance training is a suitable strategy for protecting testicular tissue from damage caused by HFD. It can prevent a decrease in testosterone production and spermatogenesis due to increased STAR gene expression.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30385162025915The effects of aerobic exercise and gallic acid on prostate cancer-related autophagy pathway genes in ratsThe effects of aerobic exercise and gallic acid on prostate cancer-related autophagy pathway genes in rats1127enFatemehJamshidiradDepartment of Exercise physiology, CT.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Hassan Matin HomaeeDepartment of Exercise physiology, CT.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad AliAzarbayjaniDepartment of Exercise physiology, CT.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-3502-74872025517  Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers. Regular physical activity and medicinal herbs can prevent their development by activating autophagy. However, the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise and gallic acid on autophagic genes expression in prostate cancer tissues has not been studied. Accordingly, the present study determined the effect of aerobic exercise and gallic acid on the expression of Beclin-1, ATG5 and LC3 genes in the prostate tissue of male rats. In an experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including 1-control-healthy group, 2-sham group, 3-control-prostate cancer group, 4-prostate cancer-aerobic exercise group, 5-prostate cancer-gallic acid group and 6-prostate cancer-aerobic exercise-gallic acid group. After prostate cancer was induced by inducing LNCaP and TSP-1-ENSCs cell lines, the subjects underwent aerobic exercise and gallic acid administration for eight weeks. At the end of the eighth week, the rats were sacrificed and their prostate tissue was removed. This was done to measure the expression of Beclin-1, ATG5 and LC3 genes by Real-Time PCR. Expression of BECLIN1 (P=0.019), ATG5 (P=0.001) and LC3 (P=0.001) genes was significantly lower in the control-prostate cancer induction group than in the control-healthy group. The expression of BECLIN1, ATG5 and LC3 genes was significantly higher in the aerobic exercise-prostate cancer group, the gallic acid-prostate cancer group and the aerobic exercise-gallic acid-prostate cancer group than in the control-prostate cancer group. According to the study results, it is concluded that aerobic exercise and gallic acid promote autophagy in prostate cancer tissue. It seems that the combination of these two interventions can be used as an effective strategy for managing and preventing disease progression.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30385162025915The selected rehabilitation exercise program effect on the emotinal development of autistic children - a single-subject studyThe selected rehabilitation exercise program effect on the emotinal development of autistic children - a single-subject study2841enSeyedeh Maedeh BasamtabarPh.D. candidate in Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0009000088152372Keyvan MolanorouziDepartment of motor behavior and sport psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran.Elahe Arabameri Associate professor, Faculty of Sports and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Ali KashiAssociate Professor of Behavioral Sciences in sport, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran2025129 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by being one of the most prevalent developmental disorders For this research and case study, we chose two autistic children, from a rehabilitation center in Tehran. This selection was made through the A-B-A method, considering their HFA and IQ scores (60-90). The participants were a 12-year-old boy with an IQ score of 67 and an 11-year-old girl with an IQ score of 60. Following their parents' approval, they agreed to take part in the study. Subsequently, they completed a pre-test before beginning the rehabilitation exercises, which were designed to last for 12 weeks, totaling 36 sessions of 60 minutes each. To enhance the precision and success of the targeted exercise program, we employed a single-subject research approach. The assessments were conducted prior to the start of the intervention, followed by the completion of the targeted exercises over 12 weeks (36 sessions) of 60 minutes each, divided into two 30-minute segments with a 10-15 minute break in between. To enhance the precision and efficiency of the targeted training program, a single-subject research approach was employed. Following 18 training sessions and throughout the follow-up period, the participants underwent assessments, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted at the conclusion and post-training. The (EMS) emotional Development questionnaire were utilized to measure the impact of the targeted training program on the improvement of emotional abilities. The research indicated that the targeted rehabilitation activities were successful in enhancing the emotional abilities of children with autism. Initially, the initial data for each participant across the three initial, treatment, and follow-up phases were represented graphically. Subsequently, the consistency and progression sections were graphed against the data from all par The scores decreased continuously in both the intervention and post-intervention phases, indicating an improvement in the subject's condition.  The results indicate that a 12-week program of targeted rehabilitation activities, Emotional stability, social maladjustment, personality, and independence in children with autism.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30385162025915Acute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Performance the and biochemical indices of fatigue in male cross-fittersAcute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Performance the and biochemical indices of fatigue in male cross-fitters4252en Mahdi Rezagholizadeh Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 0000000156165726RezaBehdariDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, W T.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 0000000304374571Arash Tork SameniDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan,IranNeghin Joz-e-piriDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan,IranLeilaBorjkhaniDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan,Iran2025511Introduction: This study is designed to investigate the effects of acute sodium bicarbonate and caffeine administration on anaerobic power levels and biochemical markers of fatigue present in elite male CrossFit athletes' blood before a training session. Methodology: The research included 20 male athletes skilled in CrossFit who volunteered to participate. They were randomly categorized into four groups: the sodium bicarbonate group (5 participants), the caffeine group (5 participants), the sodium bicarbonate and caffeine combination group (5 participants), and the placebo group (5 participants). The first group ingested 3mg of sodium bicarbonate per kg/BW, whereas the second group ingested 6mg of caffeine per kg/BW. The third group followed the same protocol, ingesting sodium bicarbonate and caffeine, which were provided in gelatin capsules one hour before their rigorous CrossFit workout. The placebo group consumed pills containing cellulose. The Burpee and Thruster movements were among the most arduous workouts. Following the conclusion of these exercise sessions, all participants undertook the RAST assessment. Blood samples were collected from fasting patients before and after these events to document and assess glucose, ammonia, and lactic acid variations. The hypotheses of this study were evaluated using the MANCOVA test with a significance threshold of P≥0.05. Results: The group that received caffeine and sodium bicarbonate demonstrated significantly higher maximal and average anaerobic power than the placebo group. Nonetheless, the observed difference was minimal when evaluated against the outcomes of the caffeine or sodium bicarbonate groups administered individually. Conversely, the tiredness index variable in the same combination group was significantly lower than that of the caffeine or sodium bicarbonate groups. Nevertheless, this disparity was negligible in comparison to the placebo group. Compared to the placebo group, the simultaneous consumption of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate resulted in a significant decrease in lactic acid and ammonia levels in blood samples collected post-training. No statistically significant changes in glucose levels were seen across the groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the combined ergogenic effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate can enhance anaerobic performance while mitigating fatigue and its associated biochemical markers through simultaneous consumption. Keywords: caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, anaerobic power , fatigue, CrossFit

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30385162025915Indicators of Specific Performance Test in Judokas versus Wrestlers; A Comparative StudyIndicators of Specific Performance Test in Judokas versus Wrestlers; A Comparative Study5361enAbbasGhanbari-NiakiDepartment of Exercise Biochemistry, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranSeyed Ali KhazaeiDepartment of motor behavior and sport psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran,IranNaderHamedchaman Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shomal University , Amol, Mazandaran, Iran2025521Introduction and Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare performance indicators between judokas and freestyle wrestlers using the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). This test was selected due to its ability to assess muscular endurance and performance in combat sports. Methods: total number of 36 male athletes (25 wrestlers and 11 judokas), aged between 18 - 35 years, who were regularly participated in their practice sessions, recruited for the study and randomly assigned to 2 groups of : (1) Wrestle group (n=25) and (2) Judo group (n=11).  Anthropometric variables including height, weight, age, BMI, body fat percentage, as well as performance test of 15 second, first 30 seconds, and 30 seconds throwing count, and also immediate heart rate and heart rate after 1 minute plus the SJFT index were measured. Data were analyzed using independent t-test to compare the mean values between the two groups at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: The results showed significant differences between judokas and wrestlers in some of the measured indicators (P < 0.05). Wrestlers performed better in performance indicators such as 15-second interval (P = 0.004), the first 30-second interval (P = 0.002), and the second 30-second interval (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the wrestling group compared to the judo group; furthermore, the overall performance index also showed a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.001). No significant differences were found in BMI, body fat percentage, or heart rate (immediate and 1 minute post-test). Conclusion: The observed differences may be attributed to the distinct nature of training and physiological demands of each sport. These findings can help coaches develop more tailored training protocols for each group.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30385162025915The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Cardiac Waves in Volleyball RefereesThe Relationship between Physical Fitness and Cardiac Waves in Volleyball Referees626810.61882/jspac.50856.5.16.62enSaeedehZabihiDepartment of Exercise Management, Sh.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Rahim ShirazinejadDepartment of Exercise Management, Sh.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran AhmadTorkfarDepartment of Exercise Management, Sh.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Ali Hosseini Department of Exercise Physiology, Marv.C, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran0000-0001-9122-2952MehrzadMoghadasi Department of exercise physiology, Sh.C. Islamic Azad University, Shiraz. Iran2025715Abstract   Background and Objective: In today’s professional world of refereeing, besides having specialized skills, capabilities, and personality traits, appropriate physical performance is one of the effective factors in sports advancement. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and cardiac waves in volleyball referees.   Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental comparative study, 60 volleyball referees from the national secondary school competitions for boys and girls (year 1402) were selected as the statistical sample. On the first day of the competitions, after the opening session, the research process, along with the benefits and strengths of participation, was explained to all referees in a predetermined meeting, and volunteer registration was conducted. On the following day, demographic questionnaires were first distributed among the volunteer referees, collected after completion, and then cardiac waves were measured using an electrocardiogram device. Additionally, to assess physical fitness, the factors of flexibility, muscular endurance, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio were measured. For inferential data analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used (P ≤ 0.05). Results: There was a significant correlation between the P wave and flexibility (P = 0.02) and waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.01); between the PQ interval and flexibility (P = 0.01) and muscular endurance (P = 0.004); and between the QT interval and muscular endurance (P = 0.02). Discussion: It appears that in volleyball referees, with improved physical fitness, cardiac function also improves.

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