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Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 26(2), 203-211.‏ https://jsums.medsab.ac.ir/article_1173.html?lang=en.Fateme GuderziHossein Abed NatanziMarzieh Mazrae Khatiri1302024263610.66224/jspac.45795.3.10.26http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/45795http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/45795http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/45795http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/45795http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/45795http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/45795http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/45795http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/45795Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the improvement or prevention of cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats. Main Topic this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the rehabilitation or prevention of cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 18 Wistar rats with mean age of 24 months were randomly divided into control and endurance training groups (9 rats in each group). After a week of familiarization and adaptation, the experimental group performed their training program on a rats' resistance training ladder for 8 weeks and 5 days per week. The control group did not perform any exercise during this time. Research variables were measured by ELISA method and histological tests by trichrome-staining. For inferential analysis of data from independent t-test was used.Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic training had a significant effect on SOD (P = 0.001), CAT (P = 0.006), GPX (P = 0.012), TGF (P = 0.001) and Tissue collagen in cardiac tissue of elderly rats. It has.Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the positive role of resistance training in improving cardiac fibrosis due to collagen depletion due to TGF-β inhibition and its signaling pathway due to the improvement of cardiac tissue antioxidant enzymes. These exercises can be used to rehabilitate or prevent cardiac fibrosis.9. Liu XH, Zhang QY, Pan LL, Liu SY, Xu P, Luo XL, Zou SL, Xin H, Qu LF, Zhu YZ. NADPH oxidase 4 contributes to connective tissue growth factor expression through Smad3-dependent signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 May;94:174-84. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.031. Epub 2016 Mar 3. PMID: 26945889.10. Biernacka A, Dobaczewski M, Frangogiannis NG. TGF-β signaling in fibrosis. Growth Factors. 2011 Oct;29(5):196-202. doi: 10.3109/08977194.2011.595714. Epub 2011 Jul 11. PMID: 21740331; PMCID: PMC4408550.11. Chiao YA, Ramirez TA, Zamilpa R, Okoronkwo SM, Dai Q, Zhang J, Jin YF, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deletion attenuates myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in ageing mice. Cardiovasc Res. 2012 Dec 1;96(3):444-55. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvs275. Epub 2012 Aug 22. PMID: 22918978; PMCID: PMC3500048.12. Liu T, Chan AW, Liu YH, Taylor-Piliae RE. Effects of Tai Chi-based cardiac rehabilitation on aerobic endurance, psychosocial well-being, and cardiovascular risk reduction among patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2018 Apr;17(4):368-383. doi: 10.1177/1474515117749592. Epub 2017 Dec 19. PMID: 29256626.13. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson PD, Bauman A. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Aug;39(8):1423-34. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27. PMID: 17762377.14. Guzzoni V, Marqueti RC, Durigan JLQ, Faustino de Carvalho H, Lino RLB, Mekaro MS, Costa Santos TO, Mecawi AS, Rodrigues JA, Hord JM, Lawler JM, Davel AP, Selistre-de-Araújo HS. Reduced collagen accumulation and augmented MMP-2 activity in left ventricle of old rats submitted to high-intensity resistance training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Sep 1;123(3):655-663. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01090.2016. Epub 2017 Jul 6. PMID: 28684598.15. Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh S. Sample size calculation for animal studies -with emphasis on the ethical principles of reduction of animal use. Research in Medicine 2018; 42 (3):144-153. URL: .16. Nucci RAB, Teodoro ACS, Krause Neto W, Silva WA, de Souza RR, Anaruma CA, Gama EF. Effects of resistance training on liver structure and function of aged rats. Aging Male. 2018 Mar;21(1):60-64. doi: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1350157. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28696823.17. Baghaiee B, Siahkouhian M, Karimi P, Teixeira AM, Kheslat SD. Weight gain and oxidative stress in midlife lead to pathological concentric cardiac hypertrophy in sedentary rats. Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences. 2018 Jun 30;7(1). URL: http://jcrps.com.18. Aihara KI, Ikeda Y, Yagi S, Akaike M, Matsumoto T. Transforming growth factor-β1 as a common target molecule for development of cardiovascular diseases, renal insufficiency and metabolic syndrome. Cardiology research and practice. 2011 Oct;2011. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/175381.19. Akhurst RJ. Targeting TGF-β Signaling for Therapeutic Gain. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 Oct 3;9(10):a022301. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022301. PMID: 28246179; PMCID: PMC5630004.20. Hinz B. The extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor-β1: Tale of a strained relationship. Matrix Biol. 2015 Sep;47:54-65. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.05.006. Epub 2015 May 8. PMID: 25960420.21. Liu RM, Desai LP. Reciprocal regulation of TGF-β and reactive oxygen species: A perverse cycle for fibrosis. Redox Biol. 2015 Dec;6:565-577. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.009. Epub 2015 Oct 10. PMID: 26496488; PMCID: PMC4625010.22. Riyahi Malayeri, S., Mirakhorli, M. The Effect of 8 Weeks of Moderate Intensity Interval Training on Omentin Levels and Insulin Resistance Index in Obese Adolescent Girls. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 2018; 10(2):59-68. https://www.sportrc.ir/article_67070.html?lang=en .