jspac-202606090720260609073242CMV Verlagkhoffmann@cmv-verlag.comCMV Verlag Journal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioningjspac2783-3038619202224ShahinRiyahi MalayeriHamzeh MohamMadi Firooz AbadOmid Soleimani GhalehSoheila Azarkhosh6192022142310.61186/jspac.36413.2.4.14http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/36413http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36413http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36413http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36413http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36413http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36413http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36413http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/364131- Alves-Bezerra M, Cohen DE. Triglyceride Metabolism in the Liver. Compr Physiol. 2017 Dec 12;8(1):1-8. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c170012. PMID: 29357123; PMCID: PMC6376873.2- Abd El-Kader SM, El-Den Ashmawy EM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The diagnosis and management. World J Hepatol. 2015 Apr 28;7(6):846-58. doi: 10.4254/wjh. v7. i6.846. PMID: 25937862; PMCID: PMC4411527.3- Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, Lindstrom RC, Steig AJ, Stob NR, Van Pelt RE, Wang H, Eckel RH. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008 Dec;29(7):777-822. doi: 10.1210/er.2008-0024. Epub 2008 Oct 29. PMID: 18971485; PMCID: PMC5393149.4- Friedman JR, Kaestner KH. The Foxa family of transcription factors in development and metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006 Oct;63(19-20):2317-28. doi: 10.1007/s00018-006-6095-6. PMID: 16909212.5- Augello MA, Hickey TE, Knudsen KE. FOXA1: master of steroid receptor function in cancer. EMBO J. 2011 Sep 20;30(19):3885-94. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.340. PMID: 21934649; PMCID: PMC3209791.6- Moya M, Benet M, Guzmán C, Tolosa L, García-Monzón C, Pareja E, Castell JV, Jover R. Foxa1 reduces lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes and is down-regulated in nonalcoholic fatty liver. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30014. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030014. Epub 2012 Jan 6. PMID: 22238690; PMCID: PMC3253125.7- Qiu, M., Bao, W., Wang, J. et al. FOXA1 promotes tumor cell proliferation through AR involving the Notch pathway in endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 14, 78 2014. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-788- Zhao Y, Li Z. Interplay of estrogen receptors and FOXA factors in the liver cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015 Dec 15;418 Pt 3(0 3):334-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.043. Epub 2015 Feb 4. PMID: 25661537; PMCID: PMC4524798.9- Markowiak P, Śliżewska K. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health. Nutrients. 2017 Sep 15;9(9):1021. doi: 10.3390/nu9091021. PMID: 28914794; PMCID: PMC5622781.10- Hemarajata P, Versalovic J. Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;6(1):39-51. doi: 10.1177/1756283X12459294. PMID: 23320049; PMCID: PMC3539293.11- Mohammadi, S., Rostamkhani, F., Riyahi Malayeri, S. et al. High-intensity interval training with probiotic supplementation decreases gene expression of NF-κβ and CXCL2 in small intestine of rats with steatosis. Sport Sci Health 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00829-5.12- Hedayati S, Riyahi Malayeri S, Hoseini M. The Effect of Eight Weeks of High and Moderate Intensity Interval Training Along with Aloe Vera Consumption on Serum Levels of Chemerin, Glucose and Insulin in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats: An Experimental Study. JRUMS. 2018; 17 (9) :801-814. URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-4209-fa.html13- Sturgeon KM, Schweitzer A, Leonard JJ, Tobias DK, Liu Y, Cespedes Feliciano E, Malik VS, Joshi A, Rosner B, De Jonghe BC. Physical activity induced protection against breast cancer risk associated with delayed parity. Physiol Behav. 2017 Feb 1;169:52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.026. Epub 2016 Nov 21. PMID: 27884590; PMCID: PMC6913777.14- Khalifa, O., AL-Akl, N.S., Errafii, K. et al. Exendin-4 alleviates steatosis in an in vitro cell model by lowering FABP1 and FOXA1 expression via the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway. Sci Rep 12, 2226 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06143-515- Mann S, Beedie C, Jimenez A. Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations. Sports Med. 2014 Feb;44(2):211-21. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0110-5. PMID: 24174305; PMCID: PMC3906547.16- Shirpoor M, Tofighi A, Shirpoor A, Pourjabali M, Chodari L. Effect of moderate exercises and curcumin on hepatic transcriptional factors associated with lipid metabolism and steatosis in elderly male rat. Res Pharm Sci. 2021 May 12;16(3):294-304. doi: 10.4103/1735-5362.314828. PMID: 34221063; PMCID: PMC8216158.17- Kazeminasab F, Marandi M, Ghaedi K, Esfarjani F, Moshtaghian J. Effects of A 4-Week Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Profile and Expression of LXRα in Rat Liver. Cell J. 2017 Apr-Jun;19(1):45-49. doi: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4871. Epub 2016 Dec 21. PMID: 28367416; PMCID: PMC5241517.18- Xie C, Halegoua-DeMarzio D. Role of Probiotics in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Does Gut Microbiota Matter? Nutrients. 2019 Nov 19;11(11):2837. doi: 10.3390/nu11112837. PMID: 31752378; PMCID: PMC6893593.19- Duseja A, Acharya SK, Mehta M, Chhabra S; Shalimar, Rana S, Das A, Dattagupta S, Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. High potency multistrain probiotic improves liver histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomised, double-blind, proof of concept study. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2019 Aug 7;6(1):e000315. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000315. PMID: 31423319; PMCID: PMC6688701.AmirMalekiMasoumehHosseini619202231310.61186/jspac.36659.2.4.3http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/36659http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36659http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36659http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36659http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36659http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36659http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/36659http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/366591. Hosseini M, Eftekhar B, Riyahi Malayeri S. Effect of Interval Training with Curcumin Consumption on Some Adipokines in Menopausal Obese Rats. JRUMS. 2017; 16 (6) :505-516URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-3644-en.html2. Lee P, Linderman JD, Smith S, Brychta RJ, Wang J, Idelson C, et al. Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans. Cell metabolism. 2014;19(2):302-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.017 3. Aghamohammadi M, Habibi A, Ranjbar R. The effect ofselective aerobic training on serum irisin levels andinsulin resistance index in women with type 2 diabetes. Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ). 2016;18(04):1-9. [Persian]. URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-3802-en.html4. Panati K, Suneetha Y, Narala V.R. Irisin/FNDC5 – Anupdated review. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2016;20:689-97.5. Swick A. Irisin, a novel myokine: potential role in obesity and diabetes. Heart Metab. 2013;61:39-40. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/78168066. Lo KA, Sun L. Turning WAT into BAT: areview on regulators controlling the browninof white adipocytes. Biosci Rep. 2013;33(5):e00065. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20130046 7. Hosseinzadeh M, Rashidalmir A, Hejazi SM. The Effect of Progressive Resistance and Endurance Training on Gastrocnemius Muscle’s FNDC5 Gene Expression in Male Rats. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2018;25(5):629-37. [Persian]. http://jsums.medsab.ac.ir8. Han Y. Effects of aerobic exercise on the expressions of skeletal muscle fiber type-related genes and FNDC-5 in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Interl J Applied Sport Sci. 2017;29(1):42-53. DOI:10.24985/ijass.2017.29.1.429. Hashemi-Taklimi M, , Shabani M , Shadmehri S, Sherafati-Moghadam M, Fathalipour M. The effect of 4 weeks High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on the content of PPARγ and PRDM16 in adipose tissue of diabetic obese male rats.Feyz. 2019;23(4):389-97.[ Persian]. URL: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-3791-en.html10. Hamidnia L, Nematy M, Salari R, Taghipour A, Motavasselian M. Comparing the efficacy of therapeutic packages in Persian Medicine with Classical Medicine in overweight patients: a randomized clinical trial. Electronic physician. 2018;10(6):68-92. [Persian]. DOI: 10.19082/6982 11. Zhang DW, Fu M, Gao SH and Liu JL. Curcumin and diabetes: a systematic review. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat Med. 2013;636053. DOI: 10.1155/2013/63605312. Aggarwal BB, Gupta S.C, Sung B. Curcumin: an orally bioavailable blocker of TNF and otherpro‐inflammatory biomarkers. Br J Pharmacol. 2013;169(8):1672-92. DOI: 10.1111/bph.12131 13.Lone J, Choi J, Kim S, Yun W. Curcumin induces brown fat-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 and primary white adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2016;27:193-202. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.006 14. Hannoush RN. Synthetic protein lipidation. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 2015;28:39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.05.02515. Vijayakurup V, Shankar G M, Retnakumari AP, Nandan CD, Somaraj J, et al. Chitosan Encapsulation Enhances the Bioavailability and Tissue Retention of Curcumin and Improves its Efficacy in Preventing B[a]P-induced Lung Carcinogenesis. Cancer Prevention Research. 2019;12(4):225-36. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.16. Lu Y, Bhat M , Shen SW, Shen ZH, Xu M, Yang CJ, et al. Swimming exercise increases serum irisin level and reduces body fat mass in high-fat-diet fed Wistar rats. Lipids in health and disease . 2016;15(1):93. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0263-y 17. Pang M, Yang J , Rao J, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang S, et al. Time-dependent changes in increased levels of plasma irisin and muscle PGC-1α and FNDC5 after exercise in mice. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine. 2018;244(2):93-103. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.244.93 18. Khalafi M, Ravasi AA, Soori R, Moradi M, Soleimani M. The acute effects of high intensity interval training (HIIIT)on PGC-1α and FNDC5 genes expression in diabetic rats. Sport biological sciences. 2021;12(3):249-61. [Persian]. DOI: 10.22059/jsb.2020.119643.90219. Ghaderi M, Mohebbi H, Soltani B. The Effect of 14 Weeks of Endurance Training with Two different Intensity on Serum Irisin Level, Gene Expression of Skeletal Muscle PGC1-α and FNDC5 and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue UCP1 in Obese Rats. Med J Tabriz Uni Med Sciences Health Services. 2019;41(1):72-81. [Persian]. DOI:10.34172/mj.2019.00920. Pekkala S, Wiklund PK, Hulmi JJ, Ahtiainen JP, Horttanainen M, Pöllänen E, et al. Are skeletal muscle FNDC5 gene expression and irisin release regulated by exercise and related to health. The Journal of physiology. 2013;591(21):5393-400. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.263707 21. Reisi J, Rajabi H, Ghaedi K, Marandi M, samani Z, kazemi nasab F. Effect of eight weeks’resistance training on plasma irisin protein level and muscle FNDC5 and adipose tissue UCP1 genes expression in male rats. Sport physiology.2015;28:117-30. [Persian]. DOI: 20.1001.1.2322164.1394.7.28.8.422. Wang S, Wang X , Ye Z, Xu C, Zhang M, Ruan B, and et al. Curcumin promotes browning of white adipose tissue in a norepinephrine-dependent way. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;466(2):247-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.018 23. Ray Hamidie R, Yamada T, Ishizawa R, Saito Y, Masuda K. Curcumin treatment enhances the effect of exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by increasing cAMP levels. Metabolism. 2015;64(10):1334-134738. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.01024. Zou T, Li M Bo W, Zirui W, Yue L, Jinming Y. Curcumin improves insulin sensitivity and increases energy expenditure in high-fat-diet–induced obese mice associated with activation of FNDC5/irisin. Basic nutritional investigation. 2021;90. DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2021.11126325. Shabani M, Daryanoosh F, Salesi M, Kooshki Jahromi M, Fallahi AA. Effect ofcontinuous training on the level of PPAR-γ and PRDM16 proteins in adipose tissue in overweight diabetes rats. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 2018;22(3):4-12. [Farsi]. URL: http://journal.qums.ac.ir/article-1-2627-en.html26. Turgut M, Cinar V, Pala R, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Telceken H, et al. Biotinand chromium histidinate improve glucose metabolism and proteins expression levels of IRS-1, PPAR-γ, and NF-κB in exercise-trained rats. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):45. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0249-4 27. Adedapo AA, Asunloye OO, Adeoye BO. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-review. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review. 2018;21(2):1-19. DOI: 10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40221 28. Kim J, Lee Y, Kim JC, Ko YH, Yoon CS, Yi H K. Effect of exercise training of diffrentint intensities on anti-inflamatory reaction in sportozotocion-induced diabetic rat. Journal of Biol Sport. 2013;31(1):73-9. DOI: 10.5604/20831862.109377529. feizolahi F, Azarbayjani MA , Nasehi M, Peeri M. Combination of Curcumin and Swimming Training Enhances Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Hippocampal Tissue After Binge Ethanol Drinking in Male Rats. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2018;13(3):1-8. [Persian]. URL: http://nsft.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-2624-en.html30. Hemati Farsani Z, Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Bigham-Sadegh A. The Effect of Different Intensities Endurance and Resistance Training on Expression Mira and Two Transcription Factors of Osteogenic and Adipogenic, Runx2 and Pparγ on Bone Marrow in Old Male Wistar Rats. Sport Physiology. 2019;42:61-78. [Persian]. DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04695-w MehdiZarganiEhsanArabzadehFariba AghaeiYosef Ebrahimpour61920221210.61186/jspac.37453.2.4.1http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/37453http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37453http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37453http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37453http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37453http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37453http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37453http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/374531. Macêdo APA, Muñoz VR, Cintra DE, Pauli JR. 12, 13-diHOME as a new therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Life Sciences. 2021:120229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2021.1202292. Yang YR, Kwon KS. Potential Roles of Exercise-Induced Plasma Metabolites Linking Exercise to Health Benefits. Front Physiol. 2020 Dec 3; 11:602748. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.602748. PMID: 33343398; PMCID: PMC7744613.3. Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Advances in Our Understanding of Oxylipins Derived from Dietary PUFAs. Adv Nutr. 2015 Sep 15;6(5):513-40. doi: 10.3945/an.114.007732. PMID: 26374175; PMCID: PMC4561827.4. Hildreth K, Kodani SD, Hammock BD, Zhao L. Cytochrome P450-derived linoleic acid metabolites EpOMEs and DiHOMEs: a review of recent studies. J Nutr Biochem. 2020 Dec; 86:108484. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108484. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32827665; PMCID: PMC7606796.5. Lynes MD, Leiria LO, Lundh M, Bartelt A, Shamsi F, Huang TL, et al. The cold-induced lipokine 12,13-diHOME promotes fatty acid transport into brown adipose tissue. Nat Med. 2017 May;23(5):631-637. doi: 10.1038/nm.4297. Epub 2017 Mar 27. Erratum in: Nat Med. 2017 Nov 7;23 (11):1384. PMID: 28346411; PMCID: PMC5699924.6. Stanford KI, Lynes MD, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Arts PJ, May FJ, et al. 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab. 2018 May 1;27(5):1111-1120.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.020. Erratum in: Cell Metab. 2018 Jun 5;27(6):1357. PMID: 29719226; PMCID: PMC5935136.DanielTarmast6192022243410.61186/jspac.37971.2.4.24http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/37971http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37971http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37971http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37971http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37971http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37971http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37971http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/379711. He S, Lu Y, Li M. Probabilistic risk analysis for coal mine gas overrun based on FAHP and BN: a case study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Apr;29(19):28458-28468. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-18474-3. Epub 2022 Jan 6. PMID: 34993806.2. Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gagliardo R, Anzalone G, Profita M. Impact of Air Pollution in Airway Diseases: Role of the Epithelial Cells (Cell Models and Biomarkers). Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 3;23(5):2799. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052799. PMID: 35269941; PMCID: PMC8911203.3. Faraji M, Mohammadi A, Najmi M, Fallahnezhad M, Sabetkish N, Kazemnejad A, Shokouhi Shoormasti R, Fazlollahi MR, Pourpak Z, Moin M. Exposure to road noise and asthma prevalence in adults. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Apr;29(16):23512-23519. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17531-1. Epub 2021 Nov 22. PMID: 34806147.4. Jabbarpour A. What percentage of Iranians have asthma? Tehran: Islamic Republic News Agency; 2021 [Available from: irna.ir/xjDJ4g.5. Sabeti Z, Ansarin K, Seyedrezazadeh E, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Zafari V, Dastgiri S, et al. A comparison of asthma prevalence in adolescents living in urban and semi-urban areas in northwestern Iran. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2021;27(8):2051-68.6. Shakerkhatibi M, Benis KZ, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, et al. Air pollution-related asthma profiles among children/adolescents: A multi-group latent class analysis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021 Aug;219:112344. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112344. PMID: 34023726.7. Reddel HK, Bacharier LB, Bateman ED, Brightling CE, Brusselle GG, Buhl R, Cruz AA, Duijts L, Drazen JM, FitzGerald JM, Fleming LJ, Inoue H, Ko FW, Krishnan JA, Levy ML, Lin J, Mortimer K, Pitrez PM, Sheikh A, Yorgancioglu AA, Boulet LP. Global Initiative for Asthma Strategy 2021: Executive Summary and Rationale for Key Changes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Jan 1;205(1):17-35. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2205PP. PMID: 34658302; PMCID: PMC8865583.8. Motamedi M. Cities across Iran engulfed in thick layers of dust, pollutants: Al Jazeera Media Network; 2022 [Available from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/9/irans-capital-tehran-enveloped-by-pollutants-due-to-strong-wind.9. Rahman MM, Islam MR, Shohag S, Hossain ME, Rahaman MS, Islam F, Ahmed M, Mitra S, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Chidambaram K, Emran TB, Cavalu S. The Multifunctional Role of Herbal Products in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules. 2022 Mar 6;27(5):1713. doi: 10.3390/molecules27051713. PMID: 35268815; PMCID: PMC8911649.10. Laveti D, Kumar M, Hemalatha R, Sistla R, Naidu VG, Talla V, Verma V, Kaur N, Nagpal R. Anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic diseases: a review. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2013 Oct;12(5):349-61. doi: 10.2174/18715281113129990053. PMID: 23876224..11. Sato E, Nelson DK, Koyama S, Hoyt JC, Robbins RA. Inflammatory cytokines modulate eotaxin release by human lung fibroblast cell line. Exp Lung Res. 2001 Mar;27(2):173-83. doi: 10.1080/019021401750069401. PMID: 11258804.12. Tillie-Leblond I, Pugin J, Marquette CH, Lamblin C, Saulnier F, Brichet A, Wallaert B, Tonnel AB, Gosset P. Balance between proinflammatory cytokines and their inhibitors in bronchial lavage from patients with status asthmaticus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Feb;159(2):487-94. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9805115. PMID: 9927362.13. Lin Q, Johns RA. Resistin family proteins in pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020 Sep 1;319(3):L422-L434. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00040.2020. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 32692581; PMCID: PMC7518061.14. Sood A, Shore SA. Adiponectin, Leptin, and Resistin in Asthma: Basic Mechanisms through Population Studies. J Allergy (Cairo). 2013;2013:785835. doi: 10.1155/2013/785835. Epub 2013 Oct 30. PMID: 24288549; PMCID: PMC3832971.15. Abdolali Banaeifar; Sakine Taheri; Mehdi Nora; Mojtaba Izadi. "The Effect of Three Months of Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Adiponectin and Resistin in Obese Men". Report of Health Care, 3, 1, 2017, 48-55.16. Farzan S, Coyle T, Coscia G, Rebaza A, Santiago M. Clinical Characteristics and Management Strategies for Adult Obese Asthma Patients. J Asthma Allergy. 2022 May 18;15:673-689. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S285738. PMID: 35611328; PMCID: PMC9124473.17. Shahgholi Abasi R, Izadi M, Soheili S, Imanzadeh R. Serum Resistin and Insulin Resistance Responses to Long-Term Physical Exercise in the Absence of Diet Control in Middle-Aged Obese Men. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2012; 21 (86) :126-130URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-860-en.html18. Lucas SR, Platts-Mills TA. Physical activity and exercise in asthma: relevance to etiology and treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 May;115(5):928-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.01.033. Erratum in: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Aug;116(2):298. PMID: 15867847.19. Czosnek L, Lederman O, Cormie P, Zopf E, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S. Health benefits, safety and cost of physical activity interventions for mental health conditions: A meta-review to inform translation efforts. Mental Health and Physical Activity. 2019;16:140-51.20. Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Ghezzi M, Cena H, Pascuzzi MC, Regalbuto C, Lamberti R, Rossi V, Manuelli M, Bosetti A, Zuccotti GV. Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Nutrition and Nutrients in Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients. 2021 Oct 21;13(11):3708. doi: 10.3390/nu13113708. PMID: 34835964; PMCID: PMC8620690.21. Oudjedi A, Aissa KS. Associations between obesity, asthma and physical activity in children and adolescents. Apunts Sports Medicine. 2020;55(205):39-48.22. Shi S, Huang H, Zheng R, Zhang N, Dai W, Liang J, Dai Y. Can long-term regular physical activity improve health outcomes among adults with asthma-evidence from a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med. 2022 Mar;10(6):338. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-1170. PMID: 35434043; PMCID: PMC9011288.23. Kelly AS, Steinberger J, Olson TP, Dengel DR. In the absence of weight loss, exercise training does not improve adipokines or oxidative stress in overweight children. Metabolism. 2007 Jul;56(7):1005-9. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.009. PMID: 17570265.24. Jamurtas AZ, Theocharis V, Koukoulis G, Stakias N, Fatouros IG, Kouretas D, Koutedakis Y. The effects of acute exercise on serum adiponectin and resistin levels and their relation to insulin sensitivity in overweight males. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 May;97(1):122-6. doi: 10.1007/s00421-006-0169-x. Epub 2006 Mar 9. PMID: 16525810.25. Kim KW, Shin YH, Lee KE, Kim ES, Sohn MH, Kim KE. Relationship between adipokines and manifestations of childhood asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008 Sep;19(6):535-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00690.x. Epub 2008 Jan 25. PMID: 18221467..26. Larochelle J, Freiler J, Dice J, Hagan L. Plasma resistin levels in asthmatics as a marker of disease state. J Asthma. 2007 Sep;44(7):509-13. doi: 10.1080/02770900701495785. PMID: 17885852..27. Tiotiu A, Labor M, Nedeva D, Novakova S, Oguzulgen IK, Mihaicuta S, Braido F. How to apply the personalized medicine in obesity-associated asthma? Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020 Sep;14(9):905-915. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1780123. Epub 2020 Jul 7. PMID: 32506978.28. AfshounPour M, Davoodi Z, Habibi H, Ranjbar R, Shakerian S. The Effect of Circuit Resistance Exercise On Plasma Resistin Concentration and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Men. JSSU. 2015; 23 (8) :770-781URL: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3230-en.html29. Acquarone E, Monacelli F, Borghi R, Nencioni A, Odetti P. Resistin: A reappraisal. Mech Ageing Dev. 2019 Mar;178:46-63. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.004. Epub 2019 Jan 14. PMID: 30650338.30. Dehghani K, Mogharnasi M, Talei Rudy M. The Effect of High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Plasma Levels of Resistin in Male Non-athlete Students (A Trial Study). Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2016; 9 (11) :33-40URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.html31. Jazi A, Gharehkhani M. The effect of aerobic exercise training on serum resistin levels and its relationship with insulin resistance in overweight elderly women. aspjournals. 2013;8(15):41-52.32. Riyahi Malayeri S, Saei M. Changes in Insulin resistance and serum levels of resistin after 10 weeks high intensity interval training in overweight and obese men. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations. 2019;10(4):31-42.33. Camiolo MJ, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Gauthier M, Ray A. Immune responses and exacerbations in severe asthma. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.004. Epub 2021 Mar 24. PMID: 33773471; PMCID: PMC8460694.34. Li Y, Yang Q, Cai D, Guo H, Fang J, Cui H, Gou L, Deng J, Wang Z, Zuo Z. Resistin, a Novel Host Defense Peptide of Innate Immunity. Front Immunol. 2021 Jun 18;12:699807. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699807. PMID: 34220862; PMCID: PMC8253364.35. Farbod M, Eizadi M, Rashidi M, Mirakhori Z. Effects of Aerobic Training With No Caloric Restriction on Serum Resistin and Lipid Profile in Inactive Overweight Women. International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine. 2020;5(1):9-15.36. Kadoglou NP, Perrea D, Iliadis F, Angelopoulou N, Liapis C, Alevizos M. Exercise reduces resistin and inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007 Mar;30(3):719-21. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1149. PMID: 17327348.37. Nakhaei H, Khalighi MRD, Mogharnasi M. The effects of ten-week training followed by four-week detraining on serum resistin of non-athlete iranian male students. Iioab Journal. 2016;7(10):7-11.38. Lin C-C, Wang Y-P, Chen S-H, Hsu T-S, Ivy JL, Kuo C-H. Effect of Long-Term Detraining on Serum Resistin and Insulin Sensitivity in Athletes: 2425: Board# 8: May 31 9: 30 AM-11: 00 AM. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2008;40(5):S456.39. Bantulà M, Roca-Ferrer J, Arismendi E, Picado C. Asthma and Obesity: Two Diseases on the Rise and Bridged by Inflammation. J Clin Med. 2021 Jan 6;10(2):169. doi: 10.3390/jcm10020169. PMID: 33418879; PMCID: PMC7825135.40. Litonjua AA, Gold DR. Asthma and obesity: common early-life influences in the inception of disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 May;121(5):1075-84; quiz 1085-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.03.005. Epub 2008 Apr 18. PMID: 18378287.EhsanMohammadikiaFereshtehMohebbiHosseinBabaei6192022485810.61186/jspac.37976.2.4.48http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/37976http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37976http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37976http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37976http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37976http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37976http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37976http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/379761. Swarbrick S, Wragg N, Ghosh S, Stolzing A. Systematic Review of miRNA as Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Sep;56(9):6156-6167. doi: 10.1007/s12035-019-1500-y. Epub 2019 Feb 8. PMID: 30734227; PMCID: PMC6682547.2. Hill E, Goodwill AM, Gorelik A, Szoeke C. Diet and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurobiol Aging. 2019 Apr;76:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.12.008. Epub 2018 Dec 27. PMID: 30682676.3. Mucke L. Neuroscience: Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):895-7. doi: 10.1038/461895a. PMID: 19829367.4. White JA, Manelli AM, Holmberg KH, Van Eldik LJ, Ladu MJ. Differential effects of oligomeric and fibrillar amyloid-beta 1-42 on astrocyte-mediated inflammation. Neurobiol Dis. 2005 Apr;18(3):459-65. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.12.013. PMID: 15755672.5. Holmes C. Review: systemic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2013 Feb;39(1):51-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01307. x. PMID: 23046210.6. Borish LC, Steinke JW. 2. Cytokines and chemokines. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Feb;111(2 Suppl): S460-75. doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.108. PMID: 12592293.7. Nedoszytko B, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M, Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska K, Roszkiewicz J, Nowicki RJ. Chemokines and cytokines network in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory skin diseases: atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and skin mastocytosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2014 May;31(2):84-91. doi: 10.5114/pdia.2014.40920. Epub 2014 Apr 22. PMID: 25097473; PMCID: PMC4112246.8. Prasad S, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. Age-associated chronic diseases require age-old medicine: role of chronic inflammation. Prev Med. 2012 May;54 Suppl (Suppl):S29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.11.011. Epub 2011 Dec 9. PMID: 22178471; PMCID: PMC3340492.9. Huang WY, Wang J, Liu YM, Zheng QS, Li CY. Inhibitory effect of Malvidin on TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jan 15; 723:67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.041. Epub 2013 Dec 11. PMID: 24333549.10. Du W, Erden O, Pang Q. TNF-α signaling in Fanconi anemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2014 Jan;52(1):2-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.06.005. Epub 2013 Jul 24. PMID: 23890415; PMCID: PMC3851925.11. Ardebili SM, Yeghaneh T, Gharesouran J, Rezazadeh M, Farhoudi M, Ayromlou H, Talebi M, Ghojazadeh M. Genetic association of TNF-α-308 G/A and -863 C/A polymorphisms with late onset Alzheimer's disease in Azeri Turk population of Iran. J Res Med Sci. 2011 Aug;16(8):1006-13. PMID: 22279475; PMCID: PMC3263076.12. Zhang YY, Fan YC, Wang M, Wang D, Li XH. Atorvastatin attenuates the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus of an amyloid β1-42-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Clin Interv Aging. 2013; 8:103-10. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S40405. Epub 2013 Jan 31. PMID: 23386786; PMCID: PMC3563315.13. Zhou M, Xu R, Kaelber DC, Gurney ME. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) blocking agents are associated with lower risk for Alzheimer's disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 23;15(3):e0229819. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229819. PMID: 32203525; PMCID: PMC7089534.14. Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Aug 5;11(9):607-15. doi: 10.1038/nri3041. PMID: 21818123.15. Abraham D, Feher J, Scuderi GL, Szabo D, Dobolyi A, Cservenak M, Juhasz J, Ligeti B, Pongor S, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Vina J, Higuchi M, Suzuki K, Boldogh I, Radak Z. Exercise and probiotics attenuate the development of Alzheimer's disease in transgenic mice: Role of microbiome. Exp Gerontol. 2019 Jan; 115:122-131. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.005. Epub 2018 Dec 6. PMID: 30529024.16. Lovatel GA, Elsner VR, Bertoldi K, Vanzella C, Moysés Fdos S, Vizuete A, Spindler C, Cechinel LR, Netto CA, Muotri AR, Siqueira IR. Treadmill exercise induces age-related changes in aversive memory, neuroinflammatory and epigenetic processes in the rat hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013 Mar; 101:94-102. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.01.007. Epub 2013 Jan 26. PMID: 23357282.17. Bonifati DM, Kishore U. Role of complement in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Mol Immunol. 2007 Feb;44(5):999-1010. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.03.007. Epub 2006 May 15. PMID: 16698083.18. Belkhelfa M, Rafa H, Medjeber O, Arroul-Lammali A, Behairi N, Abada-Bendib M, Makrelouf M, Belarbi S, Masmoudi AN, Tazir M, Touil-Boukoffa C. IFN-γ and TNF-α are involved during Alzheimer disease progression and correlate with nitric oxide production: a study in Algerian patients. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2014 Nov;34(11):839-47. doi: 10.1089/jir.2013.0085. Epub 2014 May 15. PMID: 24831467.19. Flynn MG, McFarlin BK, Markofski MM. The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2007 May;1(3):220-235. doi: 10.1177/1559827607300283. PMID: 25431545; PMCID: PMC4243532..20. Souza LC, Filho CB, Goes AT, Fabbro LD, de Gomes MG, Savegnago L, Oliveira MS, Jesse CR. Neuroprotective effect of physical exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease induced by β-amyloid₁₋₄₀ peptide. Neurotox Res. 2013 Aug;24(2):148-63. doi: 10.1007/s12640-012-9373-0. Epub 2013 Jan 11. PMID: 23307759.21. Nichol KE, Poon WW, Parachikova AI, Cribbs DH, Glabe CG, Cotman CW. Exercise alters the immune profile in Tg2576 Alzheimer mice toward a response coincident with improved cognitive performance and decreased amyloid. J Neuroinflammation. 2008 Apr 9; 5:13. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-5-13. PMID: 18400101; PMCID: PMC2329612.22. Ding YH, Mrizek M, Lai Q, Wu Y, Reyes R Jr, Li J, Davis WW, Ding Y. Exercise preconditioning reduces brain damage and inhibits TNF-alpha receptor expression after hypoxia/reoxygenation: an in vivo and in vitro study. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2006 Nov;3(4):263-71. doi: 10.2174/156720206778792911. PMID: 17109621.23. Chu WM. Tumor necrosis factor. Cancer Lett. 2013 Jan 28;328(2):222-5. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.014. Epub 2012 Oct 22. PMID: 23085193; PMCID: PMC3732748.24. Lin JY, Kuo WW, Baskaran R, Kuo CH, Chen YA, Chen WS, Ho TJ, Day CH, Mahalakshmi B, Huang CY. Swimming exercise stimulates IGF1/ PI3K/Akt and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α survival signaling to suppress apoptosis and inflammation in aging hippocampus. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Apr 22;12(8):6852-6864. doi: 10.18632/aging.103046. Epub 2020 Apr 22. Erratum in: Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Aug 30;12(16):16663-16664. PMID: 32320382; PMCID: PMC7202519.25. Sun LN, Qi JS, Gao R. Physical exercise reserved amyloid-beta induced brain dysfunctions by regulating hippocampal neurogenesis and inflammatory response via MAPK signaling. Brain Res. 2018 Oct 15; 1697:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.040. Epub 2018 May 2. PMID: 29729254.26. Afzalpour ME, Chadorneshin HT, Foadoddini M, Eivari HA. Comparing interval and continuous exercise training regimens on neurotrophic factors in rat brain. Physiol Behav. 2015 Aug 1; 147:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.012. Epub 2015 Apr 11. PMID: 25868740.27. Guo M, Lin V, Davis W, Huang T, Carranza A, Sprague S, Reyes R, Jimenez D, Ding Y. Preischemic induction of TNF-alpha by physical exercise reduces blood-brain barrier dysfunction in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 Aug;28(8):1422-30. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.29. Epub 2008 Apr 16. PMID: 18414498.Seyed KazemMousavi SadatiRezaBehdari6192022354710.61186/jspac.37983.2.4.35http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/37983http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37983http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37983http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37983http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37983http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37983http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/37983http://jspac.etb.iau.ir/en/Article/Download/379831.Swift DL, McGee JE, Earnest CP, et al. The Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Weight Loss and Maintenance. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2018 Jul - Aug;61(2):206-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.014. PMID: 30003901.2. Ryan, A., Murphy, C., Boland, F., Galvin, R., & Smith, S. M. (2018). What Is the Impact of Physical Activity and Physical Function on the Development of Multimorbidity in Older Adults Over Time? A Population-Based Cohort Study. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 73(11), 1538–1544. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx2513.Schrempft, S., Jackowska, M., Hamer, M. et al. Associations between social isolation, loneliness, and objective physical activity in older men and women. BMC Public Health 19, 74 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6424-y4.Cunningham C, O' Sullivan R, Caserotti P, Tully MA. Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020 May;30(5):816-827. doi: 10.1111/sms.13616. Epub 2020 Feb 4. PMID: 32020713.5. Birgitta Langhammer, Astrid Bergland, Elisabeth Rydwik, "The Importance of Physical Activity Exercise among Older People", BioMed Research International, vol. 2018, Article ID 7856823, 3 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/78568236. Lopez, P., Pinto, R. S., Radaelli, R., Rech, A., Grazioli, R., Izquierdo, M., & Cadore, E. L. (2018). Benefits of resistance training in physically frail elderly: a systematic review. Aging clinical and experimental research, 30(8), 889–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-017-0863-z7. Folquitto, J. C., Bustamante, S. E., Barros, S. B., Azevedo, D., Lopes, M. A., Hototian, S. R., Jacob Filho, W., Litvoc, J., & Bottino, C. M. (2007). The Bayer: Activities of Daily Living Scale (B-ADL) in the differentiation between mild to moderate dementia and normal aging. Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 29(4), 350–353. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-444620060050000378. Muchiri, W. A. , Olutende, O. M. , Kweyu, I. W. , & Vurigwa, E. (2018). Meaning of Physical Activities for the Elderly: A Review. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6(3), 79-83.9. Bailly, N., Martinent, G., Ferrand, C., Agli, O., Giraudeau, C., Gana, K., & Roussiau, N. (2018). Spirituality, social support, and flexibility among older adults: a five-year longitudinal study. International psychogeriatrics, 30(12), 1745–1752. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104161021800002910. Douka, S., Zilidou, V. I., Lilou, O., & Manou, V. (2019). Traditional Dance Improves the Physical Fitness and Well-Being of the Elderly. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 11, 75. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.0007511. de Oliveira Francisco, C., de Almeida Fagundes, A., & Gorges, B. (2015). Effects of Pilates method in elderly people: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 19(3), 500–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.03.00312. Bahgeri H, Abdolvahab M, Raji P, Jalili M, Faghih Zadeh S, Soltani Z. The effects of progressive resistive exercises on Activities of Daily Living of elderly persons. mrj. 2010; 4 (1 and 2) :56-59URL: http://mrj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-104-fa.html13. Mayer, F., Scharhag-Rosenberger, F., Carlsohn, A., Cassel, M., Müller, S., & Scharhag, J. (2011). The intensity and effects of strength training in the elderly. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 108(21), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2011.035914. Meikis, L., Wicker, P., & Donath, L. (2021). Effects of Pilates Training on Physiological and Psychological Health Parameters in Healthy Older Adults and in Older Adults With Clinical Conditions Over 55 Years: A Meta-Analytical Review. Frontiers in neurology, 12, 724218. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.724218 15. Engers, P. B., Rombaldi, A. J., Portella, E. G., & da Silva, M. C. (2016). The effects of the Pilates method in the elderly: a systematic review. Revista brasileira de reumatologia, 56(4), 352–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2016.05.00516. Barrows S, Barrows M. Somatic Education: Feldenkrais® and Pilates. The Feldenkrais Method. 2021:2.17. Rayes, A., de Lira, C., Viana, R. B., Benedito-Silva, A. A., Vancini, R. L., Mascarin, N., & Andrade, M. S. (2019). The effects of Pilates vs. aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness, isokinetic muscular strength, body composition, and functional tasks outcomes for individuals who are overweight/obese: a clinical trial. PeerJ, 7, e6022. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.602218. Lewitt, M. S., McPherson, L., & Stevenson, M. (2019). Development of a Pilates Teaching Framework from an international survey of teacher practice. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 23(4), 943–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.02.00519. Bueno de Souza, R. O., Marcon, L. F., Arruda, A., Pontes Junior, F. L., & Melo, R. C. (2018). Effects of Mat Pilates on Physical Functional Performance of Older Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 97(6), 414–425. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.000000000000088320. Jones, C. J., Rikli, R. E., & Beam, W. C. (1999). A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 70(2), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1999.1060802821. Wood R. Sit and Reach Test: Topend Sports Website; 2008 [Available from: https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/sit-and-reach.htm.22. Hancock GE, Hepworth T, Wembridge K. Accuracy and reliability of knee goniometry methods. Journal of experimental orthopaedics. 2018;5(1):1-6.23. Chiacchiero M, Dresely B, Silva U, DeLosReyes R, Vorik B. The relationship between range of movement, flexibility, and balance in the elderly. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. 2010;26(2):148-55.24. Wells, C., Kolt, G. S., & Bialocerkowski, A. (2012). Defining Pilates exercise: a systematic review. Complementary therapies in medicine, 20(4), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2012.02.00525. Ahearn, E. L., Greene, A., & Lasner, A. (2018). Some Effects of Supplemental Pilates Training on the Posture, Strength, and Flexibility of Dancers 17 to 22 Years of Age. Journal of dance medicine & science : official publication of the International Association for Dance Medicine & Science, 22(4), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.12678/1089-313X.22.4.19226. Aibar-Almazán, A., Martínez-Amat, A., Cruz-Díaz, D., Jesús de la Torre-Cruz, M., Jiménez-García, J. D., Zagalaz-Anula, N., Redecillas-Peiró, M. T., Mendoza-Ladrón de Guevara, N., & Hita-Contreras, F. (2020). The Influence of Pilates Exercises on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003790. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000379027.Welling A. Comparative study between mat, swiss ball and theraband exercises on abdominal girth: KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka; 2014.28.Sekendiz B, Altun Ö, Korkusuz F, Akın S. Effects of Pilates exercise on trunk strength, endurance and flexibility in sedentary adult females. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2007;11(4):318-26.29.Dashti P, Shabani M, Moazami M. Comparison of the effects of two selected exercises of Theraband and Pilates on the balance and strength of lower limb in elderly women. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2015;18(153):1-9.30.Ramezani S, Biniaz SA, Yaghoubi M, Asadollahi N. The Effect of Selected Pilates Exercises on Balance, Blood Pressure, and Body Composition of Inactive Healthy Elderly Women. Journal of Vessels and Circulation. 2021;2(1):17-26.31. Carrasco-Poyatos, M., Ramos-Campo, D. J., & Rubio-Arias, J. A. (2019). Pilates versus resistance training on trunk strength and balance adaptations in older women: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 7, e7948. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.794832. Irez, G. B., Ozdemir, R. A., Evin, R., Irez, S. G., & Korkusuz, F. (2011). Integrating pilates exercise into an exercise program for 65+ year-old women to reduce falls. Journal of sports science & medicine, 10(1), 105–111.33. Segal, N. A., Hein, J., & Basford, J. R. (2004). The effects of Pilates training on flexibility and body composition: an observational study. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 85(12), 1977–1981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.03634. Babayiğit İrez G. Pilates exercise positively affects balance, reaction time, muscle strength, number of falls and psychological parameters in 65+ years old women. 2009.35. Appell IPC, Pérez VR, Nascimento MdM, Coriolano HJA. The Pilates method to improve body balance in the elderly. Archives of Exercise in Health and Disease. 2012;3(3):188-93.