مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30386192026312Effects of Eight-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Pomegranate Juice Supplementation on Intestinal Lipid Peroxidation and Visceral Fat Mass in Colorectal Cancer-Induced Laboratory MiceEffects of Eight-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Pomegranate Juice Supplementation on Intestinal Lipid Peroxidation and Visceral Fat Mass in Colorectal Cancer-Induced Laboratory MiceenRazieh Norizadeh AhariDepartment of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranSeyed Ali HosseiniDepartment of Sport Physiology, Marv.C., Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, IranFarzaneh TaghianDepartment of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranKhosrow Jalali DehkordiDepartment of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran2025112Background: Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and increased lipid peroxidation are key contributors to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Considering the limited evidence on the combined effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and pomegranate juice (PJ) supplementation in CRC, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of an eight-week HIIT program combined with PJ supplementation on intestinal lipid peroxidation and visceral fat mass in CRC-induced laboratory mice. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty-two male BALB/c mice (18–22 g, 8–10 weeks old) were induced with CRC via subcutaneous injection of 5×10^5 viable CT26 cells and randomly assigned to four groups: (1) CRC, (2) PJ, (3) HIIT, and (4) HIIT+PJ. To assess the effects of CRC itself, eight mice were allocated to a healthy control group (HC), and eight additional mice were included in a Sham group to evaluate culture medium effects. HIIT was performed five sessions per week for eight weeks, progressing from five high-intensity sets in week one to sixteen sets in week eight, at 75–90% of maximal running speed on a 15° incline. PJ supplementation consisted of 5% of the daily drinking water intake. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Post-intervention body weight, visceral fat mass, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the CRC group compared to HC (P < 0.001). In contrast, PJ, HIIT, and HIIT+PJ groups exhibited significantly lower body weight and visceral fat compared to CRC (P < 0.001). MDA levels were significantly reduced in HIIT and HIIT+PJ groups relative to CRC (P < 0.05). Moreover, post-intervention body weight, visceral fat mass, and MDA in HIIT and HIIT+PJ groups were significantly lower than in the PJ group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both HIIT and PJ, individually and in combination, effectively improved body composition. However, HIIT alone or combined with PJ exerted more pronounced effects on reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing body composition compared to PJ supplementation alone.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30386192026312The effects of high-intensity functional training with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation on Irisin and Lipocalin-2 in obese males The effects of high-intensity functional training with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation on Irisin and Lipocalin-2 in obese males enLeila VakiliDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, Ki.C., Islamic Azad University, Kish, IranSeyed Ali HosseiniDepartment of Sport Physiology, Marv.C, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, IranHeshmatollah parsianDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, ShQ.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods, IranMohammad Ali AzarbayjaniDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3502-7487Rouhallah ErshadiDepartment of Physical Education and sport science, Bu.C., Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran20251215Introduction: Obesity is a major cause of mortality in developing countries. Increasing physical activity and improving dietary patterns are effective strategies for its prevention and control. This study examined the effects of a 12-week high-intensity functional training (HIFT) program combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation (T) on circulating lipocalin-2 and irisin levels in obese men. Methods: Forty-four volunteers (mean age 27.6 ± 8.4 years; mean height 168.4 ± 2.6 cm; mean weight 95.7 ± 3.8 kg; mean BMI 32.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to four equal groups (n = 11 each) including placebo control (C), thylakoid supplement (T), HIFT, and HIFT + thylakoid (HT). After baseline measurements, the HIFT and HT groups completed a 12-week HIFT program based on CrossFit principles (3 sessions/week, total 36 sessions; 60 min/session). Supplement groups consumed 5 g/day T powder; C group received 5 g/day raw corn starch (one sachet, taken 30 minutes before lunch) for the same period. Assessments were performed 48 hours before the intervention and 48 hours after the final training session. Between-group differences were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: ANCOVA revealed significant between-group effects for lipocalin-2 (P< 0.001) and irisin (P= 0.006). Post hoc pair wise comparisons showed significant increases in irisin and decreases in lipocalin-2 for the T, HIFT and HT groups versus C group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Twelve weeks of HIFT and daily T supplementation reduced lipocalin-2 and increased irisin concentrations in obese men, with the greatest improvements observed when training and supplementation were combined.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30386192026312Review the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with gallic acid on tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear transcription factor kappa B in prostate tissue of rats with prostate cancerReview the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with gallic acid on tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear transcription factor kappa B in prostate tissue of rats with prostate cancerenSayeh Toutounchi AvvalDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, Ki.C., Islamic Azad University, Kish, IranMohammad Ali AzarbayjaniDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3502-7487Seyed Ali HosseiniDepartment of Sport Physiology, Marv.C, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, IranShahram SoheiliDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, ShQ.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods, IranRouhallah ErshadiDepartment of Physical Education and sport science, Bu.C., Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran20251214Introduction: Increased inflammation in cancer-prone tissue can lead to faster progression and damage to that tissue. Although the role of exercise and antioxidants in cancer improvement has been reported, their interactive effect is not yet well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training (AT) with gallic acid (GA) on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) levels in prostate tissue of rats with prostate cancer (PC). Methods: 40 male rats (age 10- 12 months and weight 260- 300 g) with prostate cancer (with the LNCaP cell line) were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) cancer control (PCa), 2) sham (solvent of GA/(Sh)), 3) GA, 4) AT, and 5) AT+GA. Also, to investigate the effect of PC induction on the research variables, 8 healthy rats were assigned to the healthy control (HC) group. The AT groups ran three sessions per week at an intensity of 15 m/min on a 15 degree incline for 30-60 minutes for eight weeks. The GA groups also consumed daily 20 mg/kg GA orally. Results: The results showed that in the AT, GA and AT+GA groups, the levels of TNF-α and NF-kB were significantly lower than PCa group. The levels of TNF-α and NF-kB in the AT group were significantly lower than GA group. Also, in the AT+GA group, they were significantly lower than AT and GA groups. Conclusion: It seems that although AT and GA alone have a reducing effect on some inflammatory markers. However, these two (AT and GA) can enhance each other's effect on reducing inflammatory markers in prostate tissue following PC.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30386192026312The Effect of Swimming Exercise on Interferon-Gamma Gene Expression in Mice with Multiple Sclerosis Exposed to Air PollutionThe Effect of Swimming Exercise on Interferon-Gamma Gene Expression in Mice with Multiple Sclerosis Exposed to Air PollutionenMahmood Reza Beig AghaPh.D. Student, Department of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran خسرو جلالی دهکردیBaharakMoradi KelardehAssistance Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranFarzanehTaghianDepartment of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University20251212Background: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is recognized as a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming exercise on IFN-γ levels in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) exposed to air pollution. Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 male C57BL/6 mice with an average weight of 24±2 grams were randomly selected and, after an acclimation period, divided into four groups of six: 1) healthy control, 2) EAE-induced, 3) EAE-induced exposed to air pollution, and 4) EAE-induced exposed to air pollution combined with moderate-intensity swimming exercise. EAE was induced by injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The swimming protocol was performed five days a week for six weeks. At the end of the study, serum IFN-γ levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Inter-group comparisons were conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: IFN-γ levels in the EAE group exposed to air pollution (76.98 ± 2.40 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in the EAE group (31.20 ± 1.48 pg/mL) and the healthy control group (15.30 ± 1.21 pg/mL) (P<0.05). IFN-γ levels in the exercise group (43.18 ± 3.46 pg/mL) showed a significant decrease compared to the EAE group exposed to air pollution (P<0.05). Conclusion: Moderate-intensity swimming exercise can significantly modulate the increased IFN-γ levels resulting from simultaneous exposure to an MS model and air pollution.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30386192026312The effect of a period of interval training on the expression of G6Pase and PEPCK genes in the liver tissue of obese type 2 diabetic ratsThe effect of a period of interval training on the expression of G6Pase and PEPCK genes in the liver tissue of obese type 2 diabetic ratsenAsghar zolfaghariPHD student,Department of Exercise Physiology, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranَAbdolaliBanaeifarAssociated Professor,Department of Exercise Physiology, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 0000000241937591SajadArshadiAssociated Professor,Department of Exercise Physiology, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 20251218Background: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of 10 weeks of interval training on the expression of G6Paseo PEPCK genes, which are related to gluconeogenesis in liver tissue in type 2 obese rats. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the present study consisted of obese type 2 diabetic rats. For this purpose, twenty-one 10-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (7 rats in each group): 1) healthy control 2) interval training 3) obese control group. At the beginning of the protocol, all rats were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Then, except for the obese control group, three other groups were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of STZ and then participated in a period of interval training. 48 hours after the last activity session, rats were anesthetized with a combination of xylazine and ketamine. After removing the tissue, the preparation steps were performed to examine the expression of the desired gene. The expression of the G6Pase and PEPCK genes was measured using the Realtime PCR method. Central and dispersion indices were used to describe the data statistically. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine the data status and to examine the research hypotheses, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used and, if significant, the Tukey post hoc test was used to show the difference between the groups. The significance level was considered to be P≥0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that diabetes led to increased expression of G6Pase and PEPCK in the diabetic group compared to the healthy obese control group(p=.001). In addition, interval training was able to change these indices towards the values of the control group. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, improvement in the response of G6Pase and PEPCK to interval training as genes effective in the gluconeogenesis process leads to a decrease in the rate of gluconeogenesis and possibly an improvement in glycemic status in type 2 diabetic rats.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30386192026312Effect of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability Training on Lumbar Flexor and Extensor Muscle Strength in Women with Chronic Low‑Back PainEffect of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability Training on Lumbar Flexor and Extensor Muscle Strength in Women with Chronic Low‑Back PainenAtefehRafeieamjadDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ki.C., Islamic Azad University, Kish, Iran.0009000790080663Heshmatollah ParsianDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, ShQ.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods, Iran.Mohammad AliAzarbayjani1. Department of Sports Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3502-7487ShahramSoheiliDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, ShQ.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods, IranRouhallahErshadiDepartment of Physical Education and sport science, Bu.C., Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran202617Weakness of the lumbar flexor and extensor muscles is among the most important contributors to low‑back pain. Considering the role of dynamic neuromuscular stability (DNS) training on muscular strength, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of DNS training on lumbar flexor and extensor strength in women with chronic low‑back pain. Twenty middle‑aged women with at least six months of chronic low‑back pain were recruited as participants and randomly assigned to a DNS‑training group or a control group. DNS training was performed three times per week for eight weeks. Lumbar flexor and extensor strength was measured with a digital dynamometer before and after the intervention. Results indicated that DNS training produced a significant increase in flexor strength (P = 0.001) and extensor strength (P = 0.001), whereas the control group showed no significant changes for flexors (P = 0.141) or extensors (P = 0.104). The findings suggest that DNS training can enhance lumbar flexor and extensor strength in women with chronic low‑back pain. Because weakness of these muscles is a major factor in the development of chronic low‑back pain, the program can be considered a suitable strategy for reducing related impairments. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

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مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رسانی علوم و فناوریJournal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning2783-30386192026312Physical activity improves self-confidence in older adults by strengthening social communicationPhysical activity improves self-confidence in older adults by strengthening social communicationen Mohadeseh BasijiDepartment of Physical Education and Sports Medicine, Shi.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IranRahimShirazinejadDepartment of Physical Education and Sports Medicine, Shi.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IranAhmad TorkfarDepartment of Physical Education and Sports Medicine, Shi.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran202615Introduction: The present study aimed to model the relationship between physical activity level, social communication, and self-confidence in the elderly at medical universities in the south of Iran. Methods: This study was descriptive-correlational and its statistical population consisted of elderly people over 60 years of age living in the southern provinces of the Iran (Fars, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Sistan and Baluchestan). The sample size was estimated at 384 people using the Krejcie and Morgan table and was selected using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included the standard physical activity questionnaire, the social communication questionnaire, and the self-confidence questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (including mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnov (data normality), KMO and Bartlett test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression tests were used in SPSS version 26 software, as well as structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS version 4 software. The construct validity of the instruments was also confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of physical activity and social communication (P<0.001); such that increasing physical activity is associated with strengthening social communication. Also, a positive and significant relationship was observed between the level of physical activity and self-confidence (P<0.001), which indicates the positive effect of physical activity on the self-confidence of the elderly. Conclusion: Present study confirms that physical activity not only has a positive effect directly on the self-confidence of the elderly, but also indirectly improves self-confidence by strengthening social communication. It is suggested that programs to promote physical activity of the elderly with an emphasis on group and interactive activities be designed and implemented in health-treatment centers and medical universities in the south of Iran.

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